HLTB21H3 Chapter : HLTA01 Ch 9

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harlequinworm30

3 Jan 2012

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> 1520, panfilo de narvaez & an infected slave spread smallpox to yucatan, mexico (aztec empire) allowing the spanish troop led by hernan cortes to conquer. > 1526, smallpox spread to peru allowing francisco pizarro to conquer the inca empire. > smallpox was a selective disease; the spaniards weren t infected. An egyptian mummy, pharaoh ramses v died in 1570-1085 bc f/ smallpox. > greece & rome ad 100, korea ad 583, japan ad 585, china 1122 bc, ancient india. > the huns of central asia may have carried smallpox to europe in 1300. The english used smallpox as a weapon of germ warfare in the war of 1763 by distributing contaminated blankets w/ smallpox pustules to indian tribes to gain north america (french-indian war) The first outbreak in the americas was in 1518 due to the african slave trade. Smallpox viruses include monkeypox, cowpox, milker s node, tanapox & chickenpox.

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British medical doctor, Edward Jenner, is credited with inventing smallpox vaccination - the world's first immunization. On May 14th 1796, Jenner collected secretions from a cowpox sore on the hand of a milkmaid and rub them at the scratches he made on the skin of an eight-year-old boy. Then about a month later, he injected the boy with secretions from a lesion on a smallpox patient. The child did not get smallpox, he was immune. Jenner termed his technique vaccination, which comes from the Latin term for cow, vacca.

Medical doctors began vaccinating people with special two prong needles and eventually smallpox was eradicated worldwide. The last case was documented on October 26th 1977. Eradication represents one of the greatest triumphs of modern medicine, but smallpox virus itself still exists. Stocks are kept frozen in secure laboratories at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in Atlanta Georgia and in the State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology in Koltsovo, Russia.

Imagine you are assigned to be a part of a team tasked to determine what to do with the world's remaining stores of smallpox virus. Given that this is a public health problem related to the field of microbiology and infectious disease control and prevention, address the following:

Should laboratories keep them? Or should they be destroyed?

In other words should we intentionally make a species extinct forever?

What facts do you need to make an informed decision?

If the decision were to be made today, how would you vote?

Smallpox is likely the worst infectious disease of all time killing an estimated 300 million people in the 19th century alone. It is a terrifying killer, with a death rate as high as 33% and the survivors carrying lifelong scars. British medical doctor, Edward Jenner, is credited with inventing smallpox vaccination - the world's first immunization. On May 14th 1796, Jenner collected secretions from a cowpox sore on the hand of a milkmaid and rub them at the scratches he made on the skin of an eight-year-old boy. Then about a month later, he injected the boy with secretions from a lesion on a smallpox patient. The child did not get smallpox, he was immune. Jenner termed his technique vaccination, which comes from the Latin term for cow, vacca. Medical doctors began vaccinating people with special two prong needles and eventually smallpox was eradicated worldwide. The last case was documented on October 26th 1977. Eradication represents one of the greatest triumphs of modern medicine, but smallpox virus itself still exists. Stocks are kept frozen in secure laboratories at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in Atlanta Georgia and in the State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology in Koltsovo, Russia. Imagine you are assigned to be a part of a team tasked to determine what to do with the world's remaining stores of smallpox virus. Given that this is a public health problem related to the field of microbiology and infectious disease control and prevention, address the following: Should laboratories keep them? Or should they be destroyed? In other words should we intentionally make a species extinct forever? What facts do you need to make an informed decision? If the decision were to be made today, how would you vote?

To protect U.S. soldiers serving overseas, each soldier receivesvaccinations against several diseases, including smallpox, beforedeployment. Following intelligence about an imminent smallpoxthreat, the Army wants to ensure that soldiers stationed in Iraqare fully protected from exposure to the disease, so all thesoldiers in the threat zone are given a second vaccination againstsmallpox. The second vaccination is beneficial because

		it contains plasma cells that survive longer than 4-5 days.
		it stimulates production of a higher concentration of antibodiesin the bloodstream.
		it requires two injections to stimulate antibody formation.
		it keeps previously produced plasma cells circulating in thebloodstream.
		it renews the primary immune response.

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HLTB21H3 Chapter : HLTA01 Ch 9

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