Microbiology and Immunology 3300B Lecture : Immunology Notes

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purplejackal117

20 Feb 2012

School

Western University

Department

Microbiology and Immunology

Course

Microbiology and Immunology 3300B

Professor

Rodney Dekoter

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Document Summary

Antibodies are proteins that bind to antigens. They are produced by differentiated b cells in response to infection or immunization, and bind to and neutralize pathogens. The immune system is dangerous because it produces reactive chemicals, pore-forming proteins, antibodies, and cellular responses. But it needs to be because of pathogens. The body protects against extracellular pathogens that are found in the interstitial spaces, blood, and lymph, by using complement, phagocytosis, and antibodies. The body protects against extracellular pathogens found on epithelial surfaces by using antimicrobial peptides and antibodies. Intracellular pathogens invade immune cells and survive in either vesicles or the cytoplasm. The infected cell is attacked by nk cells of innate immunity or cytotoxic t cells of adaptive immunity. Nk-cell or t-cell activity activates macrophages and induces them to kill pathogens that are living inside vesicles. Pathogens directly cause tissue damage by producing exotoxins (act at surface of host cells) and endotoxins (trigger phagocytes to release cytokines).

Related Questions

1.How do some pathogens prevent complement activation or avoid the effects of activated complement?

A. some pathogens hijack the host's regulatory membrane proteins that inactivate C3b, preventing the triggering of the alternative activation pathway AND some pathogens produce C5a peptidase that causes destruction of phagoctyes recruited to the area of infection

B. some pathogens produce C5a peptidase that causes destruction of phagoctyes recruited to the area of infection

C. some pathogens produce C5a peptidase that destroys complement C5a, a chemoattractant that recruits phagocytes to the area of infection

D. Some pathogen hijack the host's regultory membrane proteins that inactivate C3b, preventing the triggering of the alternative activation pathway AND some pathogens produce C5a peptidase that destroys complement C5a, a chemoattractant that recruits phagocytes to the area of infection.

2. One of the most important jobs of dendritic cells is

A. production of complement proteins

B. activation of T cells by breakdown of whole antigens and presentation of antigenic epitopes on MHC molecules

C. stimulation of cytokine production by neutrophils

D. activation of B cells by combining epitopes and presentation of whole antigens on MHC molecules

E. production of IgD

3. Normal Microbiota

A. play no role in affecting pathogen growth

B. are the organisms that typically reside on and in your body

C. enhance infection by pathogens

D. are the organisms that typically reside on and in your body AND protect aganist infection by pathogens

E. protect against infection by pathogens.

4. why is the process of gene rearrangement used in creating antibodies and T-cell receptors (TCRs) so important?

A. the given choices are all reasons that generearrangement is critical in adaptive immunity

B. This is how our systems produce memory of previous exposures, a key trait in adaptive immune responses

C. without it, we would need a single gene for every antibody and TCR required to mount all the possible responses needed during our lives

D. interactions with antigens stimulate cells to initate these processes, building the best and strongest response possible to that antigen

E. this is the same DNA altering process that leads to cancer. Understanding it leads to better treatments for cancer.

Which are considered Immunologic Memory and which are considered Innate Immunity?

Antibodies

Vaccines

T-lymphocytes

B-lymphocytes

Responds specifically to a pathogen

Responds immediately to pathogens

Mast cells

Neutophils

orchidspider389

1.T cytoxic cells bear a receptor that is used to identify it distinctly from other immune cells. The receptor is know as cluster of differentiation CD-----------.

2. place the immunity concepts in order referencing basic immunity organization levels lines of Defense 1,2,3

A. HCL or Tears
B. Engulfing pathogens or Fever
C. Infected cell killing or immunoglobulin prosuction

3.Opsonizationot is best represented by this matching pair.

A. natural killer human cell with virus
B. Ts down regulate immune responses
C. B, cell Fc antibody class
D. neutrophils serrations marrescens
E. CD4+CXCR4 co-receptor binding and entry

4. what is the HIV protein that is involved in attachment of the virus to human immune cells?

5. identify the HIV antiviral drug that would stop the virus from exiting the helper Tcell.

isentres

retro vir

crixivan

mouse enzyme

selzentry

6. The maim type of immune cell infected by HIV are the -----------cells in the course of an infection.

7.All of the following are physical barriers to pathogens except

unbroken skin

mucous

hairs

tears

t cellso

8. B cells are activated by?

9. plasma cell best description?

function in cell mediated immunity

are derived from T lymphocytes

produce and secrete antibodies

responsible for making complement protein

10. when does the lectin pathway for the complement systems achieved it's goal

1. it begins with antibodies similar to the classical pathway

2. the goal happen during a lost of function

3. once C3 breaks a part the 3 goalso of the complement system begin

4. when complement protein B,D and P , are attracted to the pathogen

Microbiology and Immunology 3300B Lecture : Immunology Notes

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