RLG203Y1 Lecture Notes - Sacramental Union, Menno Simons, Lollardy

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4 Apr 2012

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I cannot and will not retract anything for it is neither safe nor right to go against conscience. I cannot do otherwise, here i stand, may. Sola fide: through faith alone comes salvation. Grace is given freely by god to human beings, and believing in that faith will save you. The reformation: a religious movement made by lists. Nails theses on the door of the church - its what you did if you wanted to have something debated. Bishop lived and it was a castle church - where he nailed the theses. There is no divine authority for preaching that the soul flies out of the purgatory im- mediately the money clinks in the bottom of the chest. Christians should be taught that he who sees a needy person, but passes him by although he gives money for indulgences, gains no benefit from the pope"s pardon, but only incurs the wrath of god.

Related Questions

What exactly was Hooker's response to Darwin's, Origin of Species? Thank you for your help. I need help deciphering what his opinions truly were.

Hooker, J. D. 1859. [Review of] On the origin of species. Gardeners' Chronicle (31 December): 1052. Part 1.

From the above expressions it will be inferred that we have risen from the perusal of Mr. DARWIN'S book much impressed with its importance, and have moreover found it to be so dependent on the phenomena of horticultural operations, for its facts and results, and so full of experiments that may be repeated and discussed by intelligent gardeners, and of ideas that may sooner fructify in their minds than in those of any other class of naturalists, that we shall be doing them (and we hope also science) a service by dwelling in some detail upon its contents. Thus much we may premise, that it is a book teeming with deep thoughts on numberless simple and complex phenomena of life; that its premises in almost all cases appear to be correct; that its reasoning is apparently close and sound, its style clear, and we need hardly add its subject and manner equally attractive and agreeable; it is also a perfectly ingenuous book, bold in expressions as in thought where the author adduces what he considers clear evidence in his favour, frank in the statement of objections to the hypotheses or conclusions founded on its facts and reasonings; and uniformly courteous to antagonistic doctrines. In fine, whatever may be thought of Mr. DARWIN'S ultimate conclusions, it cannot be denied that it would be difficult in the whole range of the literature of science to find a book so exclusively devoted to the development of theoretical inquiries, which at the same time is throughout so full of conscientious care, so fair in argument, and so considerate in tone. . . . Hitherto most [naturalists] have, as we have already observed, contented themselves with the hypothesis that they were independently created, and the minority have clung to the only other explanation hitherto conceived, that they have all been created by variation from a single first-created living organism, or a few such. Now it must be borne in mind that both these views are mere hypotheses in a scientific point of view; neither has any inherent or prescriptive right to a preference in the mind of the impartial inquirer; but the most superficial observation will show that the hypothesis of original creations is incapable of absolute proof, except the operation be witnessed by credible naturalists, and can only be supported by facts that are either not conclusive against the opposite doctrine, or may be regarded as equally favourable to it; and this hypothesis is hence placed at a disadvantage in comparison with that of the creation of species by variation, which takes its stand on the familiar fact that species do depart from the likeness of their progenitors, both in a wild and domestic state. On the other hand the hypothesis of creation by variation labours under the disadvantage of being founded upon a series of phenomena, the action of each of which individually, as explained by Mr. DARWIN, would appear to prevent the possibility of species retaining their characters for any length of time, and it therefore appears at first sight opposed to the undisputed fact, that many hundreds of animals and plants have transmitted their characters unchanged (or nearly so) through countless generations, and covered, even within the historic period, many square miles of country each with millions of its exact counterpart. To explain this anomaly and to raise this hypothesis of creations by variation to the rank of a scientific theory, is the object of Mr. DARWIN'S book, and to do this he has endeavoured to invent and prove such an intelligible rationale of the operation of variation, as will account for many species having been developed from a few in strict adaptation to existing conditions, and to show good cause how these apparently fleeting changelings may by the operation of natural laws be so far fixed as to reconcile both the naturalist and the common observer to the idea, that what in all his experience are immutable forms of life may have once worn another guise. The hypothesis itself is a very old one; it was, as all the world knows, strongly advocated by LAMARCK, and later still by the author of the "Vestiges of the Natural History of the Creation," but neither of these authors were able to suggest even a plausible method according to which Nature might have proceeded in producing suitable varieties, getting rid of intermediate forms, and giving a temporary stability to such as are recognised as species by all observers. Mr. DARWIN has been more successful, though whether completely so or not the future alone can show. We shall proceed to examine his method in another article.

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Homework 5: Sigmund Freud

Freudâs general theory of personality is called ___________________ theory. While working with patients experiencing conversion disorders, Freud became convinced that all such cases were caused by unexpressed sexual motives.

Freud viewed the mind as being composed of the three parts. The ___________________ functions entirely at the unconscious level and operates according to the ___________________ principle, which attempts to satisfy its needs by using wish-fulfilling mental images. A second part of the mind is called the ___________________, which can be thought of as the executive of personality and helps us to deal with the world through the reality principle. The only part of the mind containing a sense of morality is the ___________________, which is created mainly by parents. Parental punishment creates the moral inhibitions called conscience, whereas parental rewards establish a standard of conduct called the ego ideal.

Freud believed that our personalities are formed as we pass through a series of developmental stages from infancy to adulthood. Stressful events experienced during a stage can leave the personality ___________________ at that stage. According to Freud, the developmental stages result from a shifting energy from one ___________________ zone to another. Since these stages represent the release of sexual energy, they are called ___________________ stages. The first stage, lasting from birth to one year of age, is called the ___________________ stage. If a person becomes fixated in the oral stage, he or she may engage in overeating and drinking.

The second stage of development, from one to three years, is called the ___________________ stage. Fixations at this stage may lead to a personality that is either stingy and compulsive, called ___________________ ___________________, or cruel and disorderly, called ___________________ ___________________.

From ages three to six, children are in the ___________________ stage, in which the genitals become the primary source of pleasure. During this stage, boys develop a sexual attraction to their mothers, referred to as the ___________________ ___________________. Boys also develop a fear of their fathers, called ___________________ ___________________. Girls develop desires for their fathers called the ___________________ ___________________. According to Freud, failure to resolve the phallic stage results in a phallic personality, characterized by egocentric selfishness, impulsiveness, and a lack of genuine feeling for others.

From ages 6 to 11, children enter the ___________________ stage, during which sexual interest is relatively inactive. From age 11 through adulthood, the individual is in the ___________________ stage, in which sexual and romantic interests are directed towards oneâs peers. Most modern revisions of psychoanalysis agree that Freud overemphasized ___________________ motivation, underemphasized positive aspects of personality and the importance of relationships, and was prejudiced against women.

Word Bank

Phallic

Oedipus Complex

Erogenous

Anal Retentive

Psychoanalytic

Anal Expulsive

Sexual

Psychosexual

Genital

Latency

Oral

Electra Complex

Superego

Unconscious

Ego

Fixated

Defense mechanisms

Castration anxiety

Penis envy

Sublimination

Anal

Pleasure

Repression

apricottermite769

The engineers believe that, compared with the conventional sheet metal blanks, LBW would result in significant savings for the following reasons:

1. Scrap reduction through more efficient blank nesting on coil since the parts to be stamped out of the sheet metal can be patterned more closely.

2. Scrap reclamation since the unused sheet metal can be re-welded by laser into a usable blank.

On the basis of an annual volume of 3,000 blanks, Ford engineers have estimated the financial data provided in the table below.

	Blanking Method
Description	Conventional	Laser Blank Welding
Weight per blank (lb / part)	63.764	34.870
Steel cost / part	$14.98	$8.19
Transportation cost / part	$0.67	$0.42
Blanking cost / part	$0.50	$0.40
Die investment	$106,480	$83,000

The LBW technique appears to achieve significant savings, so Fordâs engineers are leaning toward adopting it. However, the Ford engineers have no experience with LBW, so they are not sure whether producing the windshield frames in this manner is a good strategy. For this windshield frame, it may be cheaper to use the services of a supplier that has both the experience with and the machinery for laser blanking. Fordâs lack of skill in laser blanking may mean that it will take six months to get up to the required production volume. If, however, Ford relies on a supplier, it can only assume that supplier problems will not halt the production of Fordâs cars. To be clear, Ford can select one of 3 options:

1) make the parts using conventional techniques;

2) make the parts using LBW techniques themselves; or

3) buy the parts from a subcontractor who will charge Ford a price per part with no volume discounts.

The subcontractor will use the LBW technique but does not disclose to Ford their costs. They will produce and deliver the parts to Ford in exchange for a per-part charge.

Assume a lifetime of 10 years and an interest rate of 16% to recommend the best course of action. If you use a Rate of Return approach, use 16% as the MARR. Assume that neither the conventional nor the LBW technologies have any salvage value. If Ford uses the subcontractor, what range of prices per part should they be willing to pay?

Please show work. Make assumptions when needed. Thanks

RLG203Y1 Lecture Notes - Sacramental Union, Menno Simons, Lollardy

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