SMC229H1 Lecture 8: SMC229 Readers and Readerships - Lecture 8, Reading & Society in the 19th Century

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purpledeer752

17 Apr 2012

School

UTSG

Department

St. Michael's College Courses

Course

SMC229H1

Professor

Jessica Wolfe

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Document Summary

Smc229 readers & readerships, lecture 8 on feb. 28 2012. In the 19th c. , novels were the most popular form of reading, whereas today more people tent to read non-fiction. Rise of realism genre: people viewed novels as a kind of heightened reality, so people tried to recreate that. Increase of literacy: children going to sunday school were taught to read there in order to read the bible, then children would teach illiterate parents to read. Rise of the bestseller but even bestselling authors had financial problems due to poor copyright protection. Gothic and romance genres geared towards females, but still debate over whether or not women should be allowed to read fears that reading would give women new opinions and suggest unwholesome ideas. Wealthy houses with libraries were often forbidden to the women who lived there. Circulating libraries were open to women, but they charged a fee.

Related Questions

. Vouchers to Pay Private School
Tuition
Two conditions that justify government intervention in a market are the presence of external benefits and equity concerns. Both of these issues are present in the case of primary and secondary education in the United States. Think about what education without government education would look like. In the absence of government intervention, all primary and secondary education in the US would be private. Public school districts would not exist. Parents would need to pay private firms (schools) to educate their children.

External benefits

If all education were private, itâs likely that people would buy too little education, from societyâs point of view. External benefits are one reason. When a child is educated, he or she benefits and we expect his or her parents to take those benefits into account when they purchase education. But there are additional benefits to society which parents may ignore. As people become more educated, they are less likely to be unemployed or be criminals and are more likely to volunteer and vote. The presence of these external benefits is an example in support for the government getting involved in education.

Equity

Many families in the United States have low incomes. Among all children in first through twelfth grades in 2001, 46% were from families with incomes below $40,000. Since the cost of private education would be an important share of these familiesâ incomes, most Americans would be concerned about the fairness of relying on markets to decide how much education children receive. Current spending by these families on private education provides some support for this concern. Of all children in private school in 2001, only 25% were from families with incomes below $40,000. Therefore, equity concerns are another example in support for government getting involved in education.

Providing vs. producing education

Most economists think external benefits and equity concerns justify government intervention in education. But it is important to distinguish between government production of education and other forms of government intervention. At the level of elementary and secondary education, K- 12 education, government intervention today mostly means production of education by local school districts. To benefit, children must attend public schools. But this is not the only form intervention could take.
There are other markets where government intervention takes the form of subsidizing peopleâs access to productsâthink of financial aid to college students, for example. Many people in the US think that government should move from producing education to subsidizing access.

One form that subsidy could take is government providing vouchers to parents. Parents would use the voucher to help pay for their childâs education in a private school. After it receives the voucher, the school would turn it in and be paid by a local or state government.

Today there is a lively debate between people who think K-12 education should be delivered publicly and people who think quality and efficiency would be higher if government provided vouchers and the education was delivered by private schools. Some of these quality and efficiency arguments can be based on material we covered this week. Price competition between private schools will pressure each one to produce efficiently. Competition for students will lead private schools to offer programs of interest to parents and their children.

Answer the questions below and make use of the sources supplied. Be sure to cite you sources in your answers.

1. Explain whether a potential exit by students with vouchers will lead to the improvement of public schools. 2. Discuss whether the implementation of vouchers will lead the best students to leave public school, which could lead to a decline in education for the students left behind in the public schools. 3. Consider what might happen to the students who use vouchers to leave public schools in order to attend private schools. How might their academic performance change as a result of switching? 4. Finally, think about the impact of a voucher system on the students in an urban setting. Describe whether all families would have an equal opportunity to access education.

Your final product will be a paper that: ? Addresses each of the four questions above in total. ? Is APA formatted. ? The body is to be 2 pages minimum.

The requirements for your assignment are: 1. Answer each question fully 2. Define the overall subject of each question. 3. Cite at least three (3) resources from this weekâs materials.

Grade 9 english:

Think back to Charlotte Edmund's article, "7 skills all young people need to survive the future of the workplace" from the first activity in this lesson. Choose the skill you believe to be the most important to your future
Write a few paragraphs to explain why you feel this way. If you think there's a skill the author didn't mention that's more crucial to your future, explain what it is and why you believe so. Give your strongest writing. Plan your ideas before you start writing, then use paragraphs to organize your piece. After you have a first draft, revise it, looking at paragraph unity, sentences, spelling, and capital letters.

Article:

7 skills all young people need to survive the future of the workplace

Dr. Tony Wagner, co-director of Harvard's Change Leadership Group, argues that today's
school children are facing a "global achievement gap," which is the gap between what even
the best schools are teaching and the skills young people need to learn.
This has been exacerbated by two colliding trends: firstly, the global shift from an industrial
economy to a knowledge economy, and secondly, the way in which today's school children —
brought up with the internet — are motivated to learn.
In his book "The Global Achievement Gap," Wagner identifies seven core competencies every
child needs in order to survive in the coming world of work.
1. Critical thinking and problem-solving
Companies need to be able to continuously improve products, processes and services in order
to compete. And to do this they need workers to have critical thinking skills and to be able to
ask the right questions to get to the bottom of a problem.
2. Collaboration across networks and leading by influence
Given the interconnected nature of the business world, leadership skills and the ability to
influence and work together as a team has become increasingly important. And the key to
becoming an effective leader? It's twofold, says Wagner, involving "creative problem-solving
and a clear ethical framework".
3. Agility and adaptability
The ability to adapt and pick up new skills quickly is vital for success: workers must be able to
use a range of tools to solve a problem. This is also known as "learnability", a sought-after
skills among job candidates.
4. Initiative and entrepreneurialism
There is no harm in trying: often people and businesses suffer from a tendency to be riskaverse. It is better to try 10 things and succeed in eight than it is to try five and succeed in all
of them.
5. Effective oral and written communication
Recruits' fuzzy thinking and inability to articulate their thoughts were common complaints that
Wagner came across from business leaders when researching his book. This isn't so much
about young people's ability to use grammar and punctuation correctly, or to spell, but how to
2/3
communicate clearly verbally, in writing or while presenting. "If you have great ideas but you
can't communicate them, then you're lost," Wagner says.
6. Accessing and analyzing information
Many employees have to deal with an immense amount of information on a daily basis: the
ability to sift through it and pull out what is relevant is a challenge. Particularly given how
rapidly the information can change.
7. Curiosity and imagination
Curiosity and imagination are what drive innovation and are key to problem solving. "We're all
born curious, creative and imaginative," says Wagner. "The average four-year-old asks a
hundred questions a day. But by the time that child is 10, he or she is much more likely to be
concerned with getting the right answers for school than with asking good questions.
"What we as teachers and parents need do to keep alive the curiosity and imagination that, to
a greater or lesser extent, is innate in every child."

jhonny

The General Accounting Office prepared a report showing thatmany publicly-owned companies restated their financial statementsduring the period 1997 to 2001. Of course, they did not includehappenings such as the situation reported in The Wall StreetJournal, which told its readers that Qwest Communications (whichowns one of the Bell telephone companies) had restated its priorfinancial statements four times from July 2002 to February2003.

Assume that on one of the Sunday television news programs,whether Sunday morning as in Meet the Press or Sunday evening suchas 20/20, an accounting professor was being interviewed. "Hello,professor. Tell our viewers a little about yourself." "I amProfessor Blahblah. I am a certified public accountant, I amlicensed to practice as a certified public accountant, I have anearned doctorate in accounting, and I presently teach auditing atthe university level. Sometimes the department also has me teach acourse in accounting information systems, which I teach as a way ofdesigning accounting systems to provide information to decisionmakers." "What do you think of this situation of Qwest restatingits financial statements four times in seven months?" "Oh, this isterrible. The management of Qwest had a duty to file auditedfinancial statements with the SEC, and to provide those auditedfinancial statements to each of the company's stockholders.Naturally, those financial statements were required to be truthful.The accounting firm which audited those financial statements had aduty to design its audit to assure itself that those financialstatements were free of material misstatement, whatever the cause.If Qwest restated its financial statements four times in sevenmonths, then as they say in law, res ipso loquitur, which means'the thing speaks for itself.'" In other words, the very fact thatthe company restated its financial statements four times in sevenmonths, and by material amounts each time, suggests that neithermanagement nor the auditors did what they were obligated todo."

"Thank you, Professor Blahblah. Do you think our millions ofviewers should know anything else?"

"Yes, I do. If management was making decisions based on thosewrong numbers, then management probably made some bad decisionswhich they would not have made if they would have used correctnumbers."

"Thank you very much, Professor Blahblah. Let's hope that noneof our millions of viewers was among the people who sufferedfinancially as a result of what management and the auditors did orfailed to do."

Required:

1. Does the audit firm which gave clean opinions on thoseoriginal sets of financial statements have any obligation to doanything now about those earlier audit reports? Cite theauthoritative professional literature.

2. Design an audit program for asserted and unasserted claimsagainst this client company. Cite the authoritative professionalliterature related to the claims, and show how your audit programfulfills your professional responsibilities.

Thanks

SMC229H1 Lecture 8: SMC229 Readers and Readerships - Lecture 8, Reading & Society in the 19th Century

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