Biology 1002B Lecture Notes - Lecture 12: Rubisco, Nuclear Dna, Endoplasmic Reticulum
18 Apr 2012
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Document Summary
Formation of endomembrane system: ancient prokaryotic cell, through gradual in-folding of plasma membrane, endomembrane system formed. Prokaryotic ancestors of mitochondria and chloroplasts were engulfed by larger prokaryotic cells. Mitochondria came first - capable of using oxygen for aerobic respiration. No evidence as to whether endomembrane system came first or endosymbiosis: theory evidence. Form or shape of both organelles is similar to prokaryotic cells. Mitochondria or chloroplasts are derived only from preexisting mitochondria and chloroplasts divide by binary fission like prokaryotic cells. Both organelles contain their own dna codes for the proteins essential for the organelles function. Contain a complete transcription and translational machinery enzymes and ribosomes. Can generate energy in the form of atp through their own etc. 2. 2 billion years ago cyanobacteria evolve: oxygenic photosynthesis (photosynthesis produces o2, atmosphere contains oxygen. Oxygen perfect as terminal electron acceptor: prokaryotes that undergo aerobic respiration are evolved. Oxygenic phosphorylation: more atp can be produced through cellular respiration.
