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Question 411 pts

Cells in the epidermis of a plant leaf that control the opening for gas exchange are known as:

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Question 421 pts

In plants, primary growth occurs at a growing center called a/an:

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Question 431 pts

Within the epidermis of leaves are _____________________ through which gases, such as carbon dioxide and oxygen pass.

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Question 441 pts

The main difference between primary and secondary growth in plants is:

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Question 451 pts

Flowers are made up of _________________ with the purpose of _________________.

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Question 461 pts

All of the following are true of monocots except:

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Question 471 pts

A distinction between prokaryotes and eukaryotes is:

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Question 481 pts

Fungi are _________________. (choose the best answer)

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Question 491 pts

A mass of fungal hyphae is called a ____________________.

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Question 501 pts

Which of the following is not an example of a fungus?

True of False. Please remember that all parts of the sentence must be True for the sentence to be deemed True (50 marks)

Question 6

Diatoms and Brown Algae are both ______. But are grouped in a common clade because of the similarity of their ______ and this structure’s ____-like projections when present.

Question 7

Amoebozoans include both _________ and __________. The second group was once classified as __________. But are now placed in this clade because among other characteristics they are __________ (mechanism of nutrition) like amoeba.

Question 8

The clade Euglenozoa includes organisms such as Trypanosoma and ________ a common type of structure for locomotion.

Question 9

Table 1 on p. 63 outlines four Supergroups, of which one is the Alveolates. Identify two groups within the Alveolates and their shared common characteristics.

Question 10

The idea of evolutionary convergence among other ideas is demonstrated in this lab (and others) by _________

1. Protists are found in which of the following habitats?

A) Marine B)Freshwater aquatic C)Within the body fluids of otherorganisms D)Damp soil E) A, B, C, & D

2. Which of the following modes of nutrition is used by protiststo fuel their metabolism?

A) autotrophic B) heterotrophic C) mixotrophic D)None of theabove E)All of the above

3. Contractile vacuoles help some protists cope with a(n)__________ environment.

A) hypotonic B) hypertonic C)isotonic D) acidic E) basic

4. The common characteristic of Alveolata is

A) a single, unique mitochondria B) sacs beneath the plasmamembrane C) silica covering D) funnel-shaped, contractile collar E)presence of a plasmodium

5. The tropical diseases such as African sleeping sickness iscaused by

A) foraminifera B) sporozoans C) phytomastigotes D) trypanosomesE) oomycetes

6. Members of the Euglenozoa move within their habitats with theaid of

A) tests B) pseudopodia C) cilia D) flagella E) pellicles

7. Ciliates with two very different types of nuclei within theircells, small micronuclei and larger macronuclei are

A) sporozoans B) protists C) oomycetes D) paramecium E)dinoflagellates

8. Organisms that are characterized by being unicellular,photosynthetic, and having double shells made of silica are knownas

A) dinoflagellates B) diatoms C) kelps D) eeuglenoid E)foraminifera

9. The clade __________ has a hairy and smooth flagella;includes the water molds, diatoms, golden & brown algae.

A) Alveolates B) Cercozoa & Radiolaria C) Euglenozoa D)Parabasala E)Stramenopila

10. The clade __________ has subsurface sacs; includesdinoflagellates, apicomplexans, and ciliates.

A) Alveolates B) Cercozoa & Radiolaria C) Euglenozoa D)Parabasala E)Stramenopila

Which one of the following observations resulted in the Endosymbiont Theory of Eukaryotic Cell origin?

Protists move around by various methods. _________ are "false-feet" structures which are extensions of the cell membrane and cytoplasm of a Protist and is used for locomotion.

Plasmodium causes the disease ______.

Which Protistan is both Autotrophic and Heterotrophic?

Seaweeds are a type of ___________.

Which one of the following causes African Sleeping Sickness in Humans?

The type of Asexual Reproduction in some Protista in which the organism splits into two down across its width (such as across a waist separating the top and bottom halves of a body) is called ___________.

Mynism

Diatoms are unique because they contain ___ in their cell walls.

1.) Certain complexes of the mitochondrial electron transport chain pump protons. Which of the following BEST describes the movement of protons in this situation?

a.) across the outer mitochondrial membrane, from the cytoplasm to the intermembrane space

b.) across the outer mitochondrial membrane, from the intermembrane space to the cytoplasm

c.) across the inner mitochondrial membrane, from the intermembrane space to the matrix

d.) across the inner mitochondrial membrane, from the matrix to the inter membrane space

2.) Which regulatory mechanism is activated when the overall energy availability of a cell is high?

a.) Citrate inhibits phosphofructokinase-1.

b.) ADP up-regulates phosphofructokinase-1.

c.) ATP inhibits phosphofructokinase-1.

d.) AMP up-regulates phosphofructokinase-1.

3.) Electron carriers are oxidized during which of the following reactions?

a.) glycolysis

b.) citric acid cycle

c.) electron transport chain

d.) the conversion of pyruvate to acetyl coA

e.) all of the above

1.) Certain complexes of the mitochondrial electron transport chain pump protons. Which of the following BEST describes the movement of protons in this situation?

a.) across the outer mitochondrial membrane, from the cytoplasm to the intermembrane space

b.) across the outer mitochondrial membrane, from the intermembrane space to the cytoplasm

c.) across the inner mitochondrial membrane, from the matrix to the intermembrane space

18. Electron flow down the electron-transport chain leads to the

transport of protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane from inside the matrix to the intermembrane space.

transport of protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane from the intermembrane space into the matrix.

coupled synthesis of GTP.

dangerous imbalance of K⁺ ions across the mitochondrial membrane.

19. Which electron carrier has an isoprenoid tail?

NADH

cytochrome c

coenzyme Q

FADH^­₂

20. Which of the following does not pump protons?

Complex I

Complex II

Complex III

Complex IV

1. Out of the four membrane protein complexes involved in the electron transport chain, only [1] does NOT pump protons across the mitochondrial inner membrane.

a) Complex I

b) Complex II

c) Complex IV

2. One function of lactic acid fermentation is to ___________ so that glycolysis can continue in the absence of oxygen.

a) oxidize NADH to NAD+

b) reduce FAD to FADH2

c) oxidize FADH2 to FAD

3. The electron transport chain pumps protons into which intracellular compartment?

a) mitochondrial outer membrane

b) mitochondrial matrix

c) mitochondrial intermembrane space

1.) Certain complexes of the mitochondrial electron transport chain pump protons. Which of the following BEST describes the movement of protons in this situation?

a.) across the outer mitochondrial membrane, from the cytoplasm to the intermembrane space

b.) across the outer mitochondrial membrane, from the intermembrane space to the cytoplasm

c.) across the inner mitochondrial membrane, from the intermembrane space to the matrix

d.) across the inner mitochondrial membrane, from the matrix to the inter membrane space

2.) Which regulatory mechanism is activated when the overall energy availability of a cell is high?

a.) Citrate inhibits phosphofructokinase-1.

b.) ADP up-regulates phosphofructokinase-1.

c.) ATP inhibits phosphofructokinase-1.

d.) AMP up-regulates phosphofructokinase-1.

3.) Electron carriers are oxidized during which of the following reactions?

a.) glycolysis

b.) citric acid cycle

c.) electron transport chain

d.) the conversion of pyruvate to acetyl coA

e.) all of the above

In mitochondria, protons are pumped by the electron transport chain into the inter membrane space. The analogous space in chloroplasts where protons are pumped during the electron transport chain in photosynthesis is.....

Chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b are pigments that capture the light energy that powers photosynthesis. Which of the following are true?

A. Chlorophyll pigments are integral parts of photosystem I and II.

B. Chlorophyll pigments are integral parts of the Calvin Cycle.

C. Chlorophyll is reduced in photosynthesis.

D. Chlorophyll is oxidized in photosynthesis.

E. Chlorophyll is found in the stroma.

F. Chlorophyll is found in the thylakoid membranes.

Chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b are pigments that capture the light energy that powers photosynthesis. Which of the following are true?

A. Chlorophyll pigments are integral parts of photosystem I and II.

B. Chlorophyll pigments are integral parts of the Calvin Cycle.

C. Chlorophyll is reduced in photosynthesis.

D. Chlorophyll is oxidized in photosynthesis.

E. Chlorophyll is found in the stroma.

F. Chlorophyll is found in the thylakoid membranes.

1. Which of the following steps of photosynthesis are paired with the correct location for which it occurs.

2. Which of the following statements about the Calvin Cycle are true?

3. Place in the correct order in which they occur during the light reactions.

NADP+ is reduced to form NADPH

A molecule of water is split to produce electrons

ATP Synthase phosphorylates ADP and P_i into ATP

Photosystem II absorbs a photon of light

Photosystem II's primary electron acceptor is reduced

Photosystem I absorbs a photon of light

Photosystem II passes electrons to Photosystem I using an electron transport chain

Photosystem I passes its electrons to NADP+

4. Place the steps of the Calvin Cycle in the correct order.

Carbon (CO₂) fixation

Reduction

Regeneration of RuBP

5. Using the general equation for photosynthesis, which of the substances is oxidized and has electrons taken from it? (Write out the name of the substance, not the formula)

6CO₂ + 6H₂O + light -> C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂
Carbon Water Light Glucose Oxygen

1. Which of the following steps of photosynthesis are paired with the correct location for which it occurs.

2. Which of the following statements about the Calvin Cycle are true?

3. Place in the correct order in which they occur during the light reactions.

NADP+ is reduced to form NADPH

A molecule of water is split to produce electrons

ATP Synthase phosphorylates ADP and P_i into ATP

Photosystem II absorbs a photon of light

Photosystem II's primary electron acceptor is reduced

Photosystem I absorbs a photon of light

Photosystem II passes electrons to Photosystem I using an electron transport chain

Photosystem I passes its electrons to NADP+

4. Place the steps of the Calvin Cycle in the correct order.

Carbon (CO₂) fixation

Reduction

Regeneration of RuBP

5. Using the general equation for photosynthesis, which of the substances is oxidized and has electrons taken from it? (Write out the name of the substance, not the formula)

6CO₂ + 6H₂O + light -> C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂
Carbon Water Light Glucose Oxygen
Dioxide

The correct sequence of tissues in the anatomy of a youngdicotlydonous stem from the inside to
the outside is :

?
A. pith, phloem, cambium, xylem, parenchyma, collencymaand epidermis

B. xylem, phloem,cambium, cortex, endodermis,collenchyma andepidermis

C. pith, xylem, cambium, phloem, collenchyma,parenchyma and epidermis
D. phloem, xylem, cambium, cortex, endodermis,collenchyma andepidermis

which is the correct sequence of tissue starting on the outside of a dicot root

1. epidermis cortex phloem xylem endodermis

2. epidermis cortex endodermis xylem phloem

3. epidermis cortex endodermis phloem xylem

4. epidermis pth phloem endodermis xylem