DEV2011 Study Guide - Final Guide: Diabetes Mellitus Type 1, Blood Sugar, Glut4
14 Apr 2020
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The initial increase in the glucose level occur as the carbohydrates is absorbed from the gastral intestinal tract. Increased in the blood level then stimulates the secretion of insulin by b-cell from pancreas. When insulin is secreted which will bind to its receptors on the target cells (fat, muscle and liver), the insulin signalling pathway will promote the translocation of glut-4 from intra-cellular vesicle to the plasma membrane. The glut-4 then translocates the movement of glucose across the membranes into these insulin target cells (fat, liver and muscle). The cells take up glucose which leads to decrease in plasma glucose level as shown in the graph above. For diabetic individual the glucose levels rapidly increase as carbohydrates is absorbed from gastral intestinal tract after the ingestion of a meal. However, this glucose levels remains high for a longer period of time because there is either not enough insulin secreted by b-cells of pancreas or the produced insulin doesn"t signal effectively.
