ANHB2214 Study Guide - Midterm Guide: Glycoprotein, Cortisol, Postganglionic Nerve Fibers
3 Jun 2018
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Endocrine System:
• Hormones
o Secretory products of endocrine cells
o 3 classes of compounds
▪ Endocrine secretion → products released into surrounding
interstitium to bloodstream
▪ Paracrine secretion → target cell is neighbouring to cell of
production
▪ Autocrine secretion → target cell also makes hormone
o 3 types of hormones
▪ Steroid → ovary, testis, adrenal cortex
▪ Peptide/polypeptide → hypothalamus, pituitary, thyroid,
pancreas
▪ Amino acids and their derivatives → neurons, adrenal
medulla
o Regulation of secretion is controlled by feedback mechanism
• Pituitary (hypophysis)
o Lies in bony cavity of sphenoid bone
o Connected to hypothalamus at base of brain by infundibulum
o Develops from oral ectoderm and neural tissue
o Blood supply is from 2 groups of blood vessels
▪ Above → right and left superior hypophyseal arteries →
supply median eminence and infundibulum
▪ Below → right and left inferior hypophyseal arteries →
supply neurohypophysis
o Adenohypophysis
▪ Pars distalis → arises from oral ectoderm
• 2 classes of epithelial cells
o Chromophobe cells → do not stain
o Chromophil cells → acidophils and basophils
• Secretory cells
o Somatotrophic cells → growth hormone
o Mammotrophic cells → prolactin
o Gonadotrophic cells → FSH, LH, GnRH
o Thyroidtropic cells → thyroid-stimulating
hormone
o Corticotrophic cells → corticotrophic
releasing hormone
â–Ş Pars tuberalis
• Surround infundibulum
• Highly vascularized
• Most cells release gonadotrophins
â–Ş Pars intermedia
• Rudimentary group
• Made up of weakly basophilic cells
• Unknown function
o Neurohypophysis
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