[LING 2P90] - Final Exam Guide - Comprehensive Notes for the exam (22 pages long!)

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Cerebral hemispheres: left & right cerebral hemispheres. Ganglia: clusters of sensory nerve cells, near to but outside of brainstem and spinal cord. Coronal (or frontal): cuts objects into front and back portions. Horizontal (or axial or transverse): cuts object into upper and lower portions. Sagittal: cuts object into right and left. Midsagittal: cuts object into right & left halves. Different planes of reference offer different views of same structure. Used to locate structures within a particular plane of reference relative to a second structure. Consists of clusters of neuron cell bodies o. Cluster together for specific purposes (e. g. , primary motor cortex, primary sensory cortex) o. Somatotopic organization - organize themselves to be most efficient. Forms smaller subcortical structures within white matter (e. g. , caudate nucleus, putamen) Consists of clusters of "myelinated" axons: axons coated in myelin transmit electrical impulses much faster (more efficient, axon bundles connect two or more areas of gray matter o.

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