GEOG 3104 Study Guide - Final Guide: Biogeographic Realm, Biodiversity Hotspot, Phylogenetic Tree

• School: Carleton University
• Department: Geography
• Course: GEOG 3104
• Professor: Maxime Boreux

Document Summary

Systematics: the discipline that classifies species and determines their evolutionary relationship. Taxonomy: the discipline that assigns names to organism and classifies biological diversity which fundamental units are called species. Phylogeny: discipline that studies the evolutionary history of a species or group of species. Species are given scientific names in latinized binomials since the 18th century by carl. Von linne: fist a genus and then a species epithet (ex. Linnaeus grouped species into a hierarchy of increasingly inclusive categories, it places related species into the same genus, then family, orders, classes, phyla, kingdoms and domains. Cladistics: classification of organisms based on a common ancestor: there are 3 types of possible groupings within a phylogenetic tree: Monophyletic (single tribe) includes the ancestor species and all its descendants. Polyphyletic (many tribes) includes distantly related species but not their most recent common ancestor. Paraphyletic (beside the tribe) includes a common ancestor and some but not all of its descendant species.