PSYC 2307 Study Guide - Midterm Guide: Efferent Nerve Fiber, Cell Nucleus, Cytoplasm
2 Oct 2016
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Neural stem cells: self-renewal, undifferentiated (can become different cells) regenerate, replicate indefinitely. Progenitor cells: develop from stem cells more specific but can only divide certain number of times, give rise to blasts primitive types of nervous system cells. Overall function most common way to differentiate neurons: sensory neurons: directly respond to external environments afferent neurons, motor neurons: direct output to muscles or glands efferent neurons. Excitatory vs inhibitory responses: excitatory neurons: pyramidal shape, form long range axonal projections to excitatory synapses, inhibitory neurons: variety of shapes, short range connection, most neurons have both excitatory and inhibitory dendritic connections. Glial cells support and hold network of neurons together. Ependymal cells: small, oval shaped - secretes csf (line the ventricles of the brain) Astrocyte cell: symmetric star-shapped, nutritive and support function repair injury in. Oligodendroglia cell: asymmetric shape, forms myelinated axons in cns can wrap many neurons.
