[BIOL 261] - Final Exam Guide - Ultimate 30 pages long Study Guide!
29 Nov 2016
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Mendelian genetic analysis chapters 2 and 3. A genetic cross is the mating between two individuals. To analyze the mating, or cross, we observe the frequency of different phenotypes among their offspring. An individual"s phenotype is its appearance: a cross that involves a single gene with two alleles. The two alleles of a gene pair segregate from each other into separate gametes (separate eggs in a female and separate sperm in a male, or pollen, in a plant). During fertilization, the pairs of gametes fuse at random. All possible combinations of fertilization have an equal chance of occurring. If we know the genotypes of the parents we can predict the genotypic and phenotypic ratios of the offspring. If we know the phenotypic ratio of the offspring, we can often decipher the genotypes of the parents. These ratios describe the nature of inheritance for a trait controlled by a single gene.
