BIOL 1011 Study Guide - Winter 2018, Comprehensive Midterm Notes - Ploidy, Zygote, Xylem

• School: Dalhousie University
• Department: Biology
• Course: BIOL 1011
• Professor: Multiple

Document Summary

Main groups of land plants and their reproduction. Features of all land plants: cuticles, sporopollenin, multicellular sex organs, embryophyte condition, alternation of generations, arose independently in evolution several times, consistent in all land plants, alternates between gametophyte (haploid/ 1n) and sporophyte (diploid/2n) Zygote delays meiosis and instead it divides and grows. *there are 10 divisions (phyla) of land plants. 4 major groups include: mosses, ferns, conifers, angiosperms. Mosses bryophyta division: ~15,000 species, low growing, confined to damp areas, swimming sperm, no true vascular tissue, no true leaves, gametophyte dominant, homosporous (1 spore size) Ferns pterophyta division: ~20,000 species (most tropical, appeared ~400 million years ago, contains vascular tissue and swimming sperm, sporophyte dominant, homosporous or heterosporous. Spores: 1 size or 2: homospory one size of spores from meiosis, heterospory two sizes of spores from meiosis, mosses(cid:9, most(cid:9) ferns(cid:9, some(cid:9) ferns(cid:9, all(cid:9)seed(cid:9) plants(cid:9) 5 divisions (phyla) of seed plants: cycadophyta, ginkgophyta, coniferophyta*, gnetophyta, anthophyta**