GEOG 200- Final Exam Guide - Comprehensive Notes for the exam ( 37 pages long!)

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Forest: reduced variety and yield of food crops, new terminal lakes, fishing, hunting and trapping decline, then vanished, shipping no longer possible, saline/ toxic dust one exposed sea bed, local climate change. A whole may be more than the sum of its parts: emergent properties = system characteristics not evident in the components alone. Complex systems have multiple subsystems: environmental entities are complex systems that interact with each other, for example, river systems consist of hundreds of smaller tributary subsystems, to solve environmental problems, all appropriate systems must be considered. The geosphere is the ground beneath our feet: geosphere = rock and sediment, sometimes incorrectly called lithosphere, contains broken up rock as well, provides physical and chemical foundation for life. The atmosphere is our planet"s gaseous envelope: atmosphere = the air, mainly nitrogen and oxygen, carbon dioxide essential for life, transfer of heat and light.