GEOG 216 Study Guide - Fall 2018, Comprehensive Midterm Notes - Agriculture, Economic Growth, Canada
12 Oct 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
GEOG 216
MIDTERM EXAM
STUDY GUIDE
Fall 2018
September 5th
GEOG 216
Different maps
- Distribution of wealth (GDP)
o Economic output – relative share is different than landmass area
▪ Distribution is very uneven (was this always like this – what will It look
like in a few years/ what is the role of institutions)
▪ How will this shift the balance
Globalization
- Different points – how geography matters
- How global is the world economy today compared to 50 years ago?
- Economic internationalization vs globalization
o Internationalization – extent to which national economies interact with each
other through exchanges of goods and services
▪ Dollar value of important and export
▪ Sum of imports and exports
▪ Larger this trade ratio- the more the globally connected the country will
be as it is dependent on globalization
▪ Extension of economic activities across national boundaries
▪ Value of imports and exports (final goods that get shipped)
• What is production processes – what is integration
• Shallow – can track value of importance of trades
o Globalization – more than just the increased international trade
▪ Production of change integrated in the assembly line and where different
things come from (functional – looks at the production process itself as
this changes too)
▪ New actors on the global stage – trade agreements
• Building the global structure of the global economy
▪ Can be qualitative/ quantitative
- Debate of internationalization/ globalization
o Different schools of thoughts
▪ Hyperglobalizers- academics; world economy has changed so much that
we see a new world order. National borders are no longer the primary
containers of the borderless economy
• Fluid flow of goods
• Triumphalist accounts
o The only system that works is a capitalist free-market
o Playing field is all equal – can compete at a global level
distance does not matter/ geography is not important
▪ Skeptics: world economy is not really new. Look at trade:GDP ratio. Until
WWI trade was open and high. Nothing was really new – this was a myth.
Nation state is the most influential actor on the global scene
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
▪ Transformationalists: globalization is not something that is static – allot
of conflict and friction
▪ Geography matters more now than it did
- Is the global economy new?
o Trade brings things together
o Important in the process of creating cities
o Trade can trace rise and fall of civilizations
- Two phases of international trade
o 1500-1800 – period of discovery and exploration
▪ Find high value products – these all move through the system
▪ Move through the east
▪ Mercantilism
o 1800-WWI – colonial economy
▪ Trade boom
▪ Trade is bulk staples
▪ What helped: Reduction of terrifs
• International migration
▪ This period helps us understand how Europe deverged ffrom the rest of
the world
- Now
o More of everything – more trade, population and capital
o Trade and capital flows are different in terms of breadth and depth
o Trade flows – larger share of production – more services
▪ Rise of multinational coorporations
▪ Capital – price converge around the world
▪ Other forms of investment emerge in the 20th C. – move to more short
term investment options
• Financial markets develop- rates diverge
- 20th drivers of commercial integration
o Protectionist countries
o Liberalization of markets
▪ Less trade controls
o Increase in international governance
▪ Trade blocks – nafta
o More connections
▪ Go from unilateral to multilateral coorporations
- Consequences of global economy
o Some countries may choose to locate activities
o Nation states may loose their effects
o Intra-firm trade
▪ Export GDP % - with allot of countries
▪ Will be logged across border – taxes
▪ Can we tax these transactions
▪ Globalization – will be winners and losers
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Debate of internationalization/ globalization: different schools of thoughts, hyperglobalizers- academics; world economy has changed so much that we see a new world order. Nothing was really new this was a myth. Nation state is the most influential actor on the global scene: transformationalists: globalization is not something that is static allot of conflict and friction, geography matters more now than it did. Is the global economy new: trade brings things together. Important in the process of creating cities: trade can trace rise and fall of civilizations. International migration: this period helps us understand how europe deverged ffrom the rest of. 20th drivers of commercial integration: protectionist countries, liberalization of markets, less trade controls. Increase in international governance: trade blocks nafta, more connections, go from unilateral to multilateral coorporations. Consequences of global economy: some countries may choose to locate activities, nation states may loose their effects. September 10 growth and development lecture 3.
