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PHGY 210 Study Guide - Glutamine, Proteinuria, Hyperkalemia

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School
McGill University
Department
Physiology
Course
PHGY 210
Professor
Ann Wechsler

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Document Summary

Anatomy: regulation of water and inorganic ion balance, removal of metabolic waste products from the blood and their excretion in. More relevant in terms of pathology: removal of foreign chemicals from the blood, production of hormones/enzymes: Renin: controls the formation of angiotensin and influences blood pressure and sodium balance. It is formed of triangles: the renal cortex is on the exterior part of the kidney. It surrounds the: blood supply: posterior abdominal wall. called the renal pyramids medulla. Interlobar artery, which turns at 90 to become: Arcuate artery, which turns at 90 to become: Interlobular artery: note that the venous structure is parallel to the arterial structure and that, nephron (1 million/kidney): nephrons receive bood by the afferent arterioles. Tubule: notes about the anatomy of the nephron: Note that the terms corpuscle and glomerulus can be. The tubule is surrounded by a monolayer of epithelial cells.

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Related Questions

Hi this is the introduction that I have written for my poster. Myposter is on the following URL (please have a look!).

http://i55.tinypic.com/e0g0w5.jpg


Please correct the introduction for any scientific or grammaticalerrors and give me your suggestions about this section as well asthe overall poster. Thanks

This is very important so if you are not good at it pleasedon't answer.
Here is the introduction :

Have you ever thought about why would thrilling rides getyou excited, make your heart racing orsometimes even make you start screaming from the depths of yourcore, forming a bead of sweat on your forehead?

Well, the answer lies in physics. These rides demonstratevery good examples of the physics laws and concepts involved innature and their affect on us in real life applications.

Height, weightlessness, high velocity, hugeacceleration, the sudden impulse and themomentary change in momentum, the work being done and the suddenchange in energy are all factors that contribute inmaking a thrilling ride an exciting one. Those factorsmake adrenalin concentrations in our body system increasecausing higher blood pressure thus stimulating theheart.. They also make the rider in a lot ofuncertainty and unexpected visual cues.

An example of a thrilling ride is the Giant Drop which isa freefall ride involving the drawing of an eight seat carriage bytwin cables to the top of the tower. After one minute full ofanxiety, the riders are plummeted down a height of 39 stories(almost 115m) then brought to a halt within meters from the groundby a sophisticated magnetic braking system.

It is currently popular for automobiles to use 10% ethanol / 90%gasoline mixtures (‘gasohol’) as fuel. According to popularconsensus the main benefit of gasohol use is that it “reduces ourdependence upon foreign oil.” We test this assertion by making someelementary calculations. Our analysis will unrealistically ignoreengine maintenance issues associated with older automobiles (suchas gasket and seal hardening), added fuel consumption necessary toproduce grain used as a feedstock in ethanol production,incremental food price increases associated with a reduction ingrain stocks, and many other effects. Gasohol use typically reducesaverage fuel economy by approximately 15% and effectively leavesfuel prices unchanged. This article further debates the wisdom ofethanol use and may be of interest outside the problems:
http://harvardmagazine.com/2006/11/the-ethanol-illusion.html
These concerns and problems have been strongly influenced byconversations with Dr. H.J. Harmon, of the OSU physicsdepartment.

2. Consider a 14.2 mpg 1991 Ford F150 driven 761 miles. Calculatethe pure gasoline consumption of this truck when: a) usinggasoline, and b) when using gasohol (with its attendant economyreduction). Determine the total CO2 emissions for each fuelassuming all fuels produce 20 lbs of CO2 per gallon. Comment uponthe wisdom of using gasohol versus pure gasoline in this vehicle.

Fill in the nine gaps in this table.
Symbol B
Protons 19
Neutrons 20
Electrons 18
Mass number 11 40

Identify the unknown particle (X) in the following equations fornuclear decay, and state whether each process is alpha decay, betadecay, or gamma decay. (Type your answer according to this format:4 2 He represents . Use gamma to enter ?.)
(a) ? X + -
X =


(b) ? + X
X =


(c) ? + X
X =


Actinium-225 () undergoes alpha decay.
(a) Write the equation. (Enter the mass number in the first raisedbox, the atomic number in the second lower box, and the element,with charge if necessary, in the third box.)
? + He

(b) The daughter formed in part (a) undergoes beta decay. Write theequation. (Enter the mass number in the first raised box, theatomic number in the second lower box, and the element, with chargeif necessary, in the third box.)
? + e

Classify each of the following materials as an element, compound,heterogeneous mixture, or homogeneous mixture.
(a) concrete
element
compound
heterogeneous mixture
homogeneous mixture


(b) clear apple juice
element
compound
heterogeneous mixture
homogeneous mixture


(c) nitrogen
element
compound
heterogeneous mixture
homogeneous mixture


(d) ozone
element
compound
heterogeneous mixture
homogeneous mixture



Refer to the figure below. Find the approximate solubility (g/100 gwater) of sugar at 20°C.
g/100 g of water

Give the symbol for each of the following elements.
(a) lead


(b) sodium


(c) oxygen

Give the name of each element.
(a) Cu


(b) Bi


(c) Ti

Volcanoes emit much hydrogen sulfide gas, H2S, which reacts withthe oxygen in the air to form water and sulfur dioxide, SO2. Every53 tons of H2S reacts with 75 tons of oxygen and forms 28 tons ofwater. How many tons of SO2 are formed?

An antacid tablet weighing 0.939 g contained calcium carbonate asthe active ingredient, in addition to an inert binder. When an acidsolution weighing 56.233 g was added to the tablet, carbon dioxidegas was released, producing a fizz. The resulting solution weighed56.954 g. How many grams of carbon dioxide were produced?

Calculate (to the nearest 0.1 u) the formula mass of thesecompounds.
(a) sodium phosphate, Na3PO4
u

(b) methane, CH4
u

(c) silver cyanide, AgCN
u

Calculate (to the nearest 0.1 u) the formula mass of thesecompounds.
(a) silver carbonate, Ag2CO3
u

(b) calcium bromide, CaBr2
u

(c) magnesium hydroxide, MgOH
u

Balance these chemical equations. (Use the lowest possiblecoefficients.)
(a) O2 + N2H4 ? H2O2 + N2


(b) Sr + H2O ? Sr(OH)2 + H2


(c) NH3 + O2 ? N2 + H2O


(d) Al + Fe3O4 ? Al2O3 + Fe


(e) Fe(OH)2 + O2 + H2O ? Fe(OH)3


(f) Pb(NO3)2 ? PbO + NO2 + O2

(a) Calcium and chlorine react to give calcium chloride in acombination reaction. Write and balance the equation. (Type youranswer using the format CO2 for CO2. Use the lowest possiblecoefficients.)

Ca + ?

(b) Heating decomposes Na2CO3 to sodium oxide and carbon dioxide.Write and balance the equation. Type your answer using the formatCO2 for CO2. Use the lowest possible coefficients.)

Na2CO3 ? + CO2

Write and balance the reaction for the complete combustion ofmethanol, CH3OH. (Type your answer using the format CO2 for CO2.Use the lowest possible coefficients.)