[BIOLOGY 2D03] - Midterm Exam Guide - Comprehensive Notes for the exam (20 pages long!)
5 Oct 2016
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1st major event first life to emerge, likely photosynthesizing cells ~3. 8 bya. Key enzyme produced in photosynthesis has a preference for c-12. Carbon fixed into organic compounds via photosynthesis has less c-13. 3. 5 byo iron-oxygen rich rocks chemical evidence of cyanobacteria starting ~2. 7 bya. 3rd major event eukaryotes evolved by 2. 7 bya (presence of sterols = euk not prok) Photosynthetic eukaryotic cells arose from 2 endosymbioitic events ingestion of proteobacteria to create mitochondrion. 2. cyanobacteria ingested to create chloroplast start of early cambrian period (545 mya) animal and algae diversity exploded. Bangiomorpha first eukaryote fossil (red algae) first evidence of multicellularity. Dna sequence comparisons of different species to reconstruct a tree of relatedness. Plants would require a waxy cuticle to prevent water loss on land, and a system of water transport within the plant that works against gravity, dessication-tolerant spores (need sporopollenin) Evolution of plant vascular system associated with larger plants.
