BIOLOGY 1A03 Study Guide - Midterm Guide: Hydrolysis, Polysaccharide, Mitochondrial Matrix

• School: McMaster University
• Department: Biology
• Course: BIOLOGY 1A03
• Professor: Alastair Tracey Rosa Da Silva

Document Summary

Appearance of first photosynthetic cells (creatures that could create oxygen) opened up possibility of diversity. Likely that many unicellular organisms began interacting with each other which allowed organisms to deal with harsh environment. Prokarytic cells have been around for longest time. Eukaryotic cells appear in tree of life approx. Double membrane-bound nucleus that"s an internal compartment to separate genetic material of cell (chromosomes) from rest of cell interior. Earliest eukaryotes were single-celled organisms that had organelles and internal membrane systems with distinct structures and functions. Chloroplasts which engage in photosynthesis to product chemical energy from light energy. Mitochondria convert food into energy that powers most cellular functions. Malfunction of mitochondria can result in exhaustion - common symptom of mitochondrial sicknesses. Chloroplasts in plant cells engage in photosynthesis to make sugars that humans consume. Has a double membrane around exterior and interior that"s filled with hundreds of stacked membranes, thylakoids. Within these membranes that pigments and enzymes participate in photosynthesis.