BIOLOGY 1A03 Study Guide - Final Guide: Post-Translational Modification, Human Genome Project, Proteomics

• School: McMaster University
• Department: Biology
• Course: BIOLOGY 1A03
• Professor: Alastair Tracey Rosa Da Silva

Document Summary

While the human genome project has revealed only 20-25,000 protein encoding genes, we have identified that there are other regulatory mechanisms that contribute to the over 1,000,000 proteins that are encoded by our genome. The great complexity of our proteome relative to our genome is largely attributed to rna processing and post-translational modifications. One of the defining characteristics of eukaryotes is the segregation of genetic information inside the double membraned nuclear envelope. Transcription of dna into rna, along with rna processing also occurs within the nucleus. The double membrane of the nucleus is continuous and presumably evolved from the membranous network of the single-membrane endoplasmic reticulum. In addition to all the other membrane enclosed compartments of the eukaryotic cells, compartmentalization allows for a more intricate control in the regulation of cellular processes. As seen in eukaryotes, following transcription from protein coding genes, mrnas are prepared for translation.