HISTORY 1DD3 Study Guide - Summer 2018, Comprehensive Midterm Notes - French Revolution, Weimar Republic, Revolution
11 Oct 2018
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HISTORY 1DD3
MIDTERM EXAM
STUDY GUIDE
Fall 2018
Industrialization - Agricultural and Commercial Revolution
Week 2: Lecture Notes
Subsistence agriculture: the production of handmade goods → Non-human powered
technology (Industrialization)
Industrialization provided the material advances, and social and economic relationships that
defie the ode old. This aided i the othe histoial/politial eolutios of the Atlati
that were discussed.
Beginning of Industrialization
- Began in the 18th century in Britain. Britain lead in the industrial revolution made it the
super power.
Agricultural Revolution
Idustialized podutio euies a lage okfoe that does’t eed to sped ost of thei
time to produce food. As medieval farming became privately owned farms in England it helped
the beginning of industrialization, as owners competing through new tech, certain crops
(nitrogen fixing crops, which could be fed to animals). The quality of livestock, increased
availability of protein, and fewer workers were need for agricultural labour pushing people into
the city.
Enclosure: landlords (aristocrats) began closing off local populations away from the land
through legal measures, where in the past agriculture used to be a generally communal activity.
This pushed the notions of private property.
- This meant poor people who worked on the private farms had little choice in their
wages, they either put up with it or left that huge chunk of owned land for good.
- Creation of large amount of people, having to move to towns, or working at new jobs to
supplement their small farm wages.
Maritime Trade and Commercial Activity.
- Britain leaded in this trade and commercial activity.
- Much of North American
- North Atlantic Triangular Trade: Enslaved Africans were sent to north America to
produce raw materials for goods. In Europe finished goods were made from those raw
materials sold by the British.
City of London
In Britain people were excited to give loans for new businesses to both those in Britain and
abroad. This with agricultural changes, meant the environment was perfect to take advantage
of new industrial processes. T
- First industrial revolution occurred in clothing and textiles.
The First Industrial Revolution and the Development of Industrialization
- Technological changes occurred in the 16th-17th centuries in glass and clock making
- Textiles production went ham in Britain.
- Britain was dominating the wool products market, but during its imperil expansion it
had opportunities to trade with those in raw cotton. Cotton clothing was superior to
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Industrialization - Agricultural and Commercial Revolution
Wool: high demand occurred but it was too expensive to produce which led to
improvements.
Early inventions
- In 1771 the Water Frame was invented – producing yard and Spinning jenny could spin
man threads simultaneously
- I 1779 the to ee oied i the Copto’s Mule hih ould podue lage
quantities of fine, strong yarn quickly. The yarn famine had come to an end.
- 1780s + textile mills went crazy
- Early industrialization used to be Water Power run which would power much of the
mills. Since Britain was a very wet climate it made sense that it dominated the textile
industry because they had lots of rain. The invention of the steam engine globalized the
textiles industry.
- Steam Engine – had belts and used a water pump
- Cole powered Engine – you could put these anywhere such as on ships and rails,
revolutionized the transportation system thus speeding up the movement of goods and
people around the world.
- Jae’s Watt’s stea egie as fuel effiiet ad alloed fo the possiility of oile
transportation powered by coal.
- New steam engines required iron and coal → stimulating those industries. Iron was now
suddenly a booming industry.
- Iron industry = innovative industry
- Britain led the world in cole and iron mining around the world in its colonies
- Iron was not that efficient because it was heavy, brittle was replaced by Steel – stronger,
more malleable
- Steel became a big deal
(1820s) The Rail Road: exemplifies the application of steam technology helped the
transportation around Britain. The railroad became the back bone of Britain.
- Governmental intervention was required because railroads were to be built on public
land, they also needed to be helped to pay for by major companies which was financed
by the selling of shares.
- British repealed joint stock laws – ietig Iopoated Copaies to liit liaility
and encourage those to invest despite the fears of debt. Only company assets could be
paid for company debts, not stockholders. Invention of Modern Corporation
Railroads united urbanization and industrialization as suburbs could be built and people could
choose to go to work by taking the rail road. By 1851 more people lived in large cities than in
rural areas.
1839 – steam applied to ships
- Steam powered vessels helped long-term travel be faster
- First used for transportation of mail
1851 - Telegraph: cables that could be laid down across oceans by steamships They transmitted
electrical signals over cables using codes. By 1851 telegraph cables reached from all over the
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Subsistence agriculture: the production of handmade goods non-human powered technology (industrialization) Industrialization provided the material advances, and social and economic relationships that defi(cid:374)e the (cid:862)(cid:373)ode(cid:396)(cid:374) (cid:449)o(cid:396)ld(cid:863). This aided i(cid:374) the othe(cid:396) histo(cid:396)i(cid:272)al/politi(cid:272)al (cid:396)e(cid:448)olutio(cid:374)s of the atla(cid:374)ti(cid:272) that were discussed. Began in the 18th century in britain. Britain lead in the industrial revolution made it the super power. I(cid:374)dust(cid:396)ialized p(cid:396)odu(cid:272)tio(cid:374) (cid:396)e(cid:395)ui(cid:396)es a la(cid:396)ge (cid:449)o(cid:396)kfo(cid:396)(cid:272)e that does(cid:374)"t (cid:374)eed to spe(cid:374)d (cid:373)ost of thei(cid:396) time to produce food. As medieval farming became privately owned farms in england it helped the beginning of industrialization, as owners competing through new tech, certain crops (nitrogen fixing crops, which could be fed to animals). The quality of livestock, increased availability of protein, and fewer workers were need for agricultural labour pushing people into the city. Enclosure: landlords (aristocrats) began closing off local populations away from the land through legal measures, where in the past agriculture used to be a generally communal activity.
