🏷️ LIMITED TIME OFFER: GET 20% OFF GRADE+ YEARLY SUBSCRIPTION →
Log in
HomeStudy Guides420,000CA160,000

BIOL 205 Study Guide - Quiz Guide: Blood Type, Zygosity, Abo Blood Group System

37 views2 pages
School
Queen's University
Department
Biology
Course
BIOL 205
Professor
Ian D Chin- Sang

For unlimited access to Study Guides, a Grade+ subscription is required.

Document Summary

Both anti-antibodies hemizygous genotype 1 allele present for given gene ex : x chromosome in males. A population measure proportion of individuals in the population carrying the allele who actually express the phenotype. In other words, penetrance is is the probability that given a particular genotype - a person will express the phenotype. Constant expressivity: all individuals w/ a given genotype express the same phenotype. Variable expressivity: individual w/ the same genotype may express different phenotype. Reflects the grey area in expression is more commonly considered at the individual level. Mutation in a specific gene can cause a number of different phenotypes. Law of segregation: alleles: genes exist in alternative forms. Segregation: 2 alleles segregate during meiosis gametes carry 1 allele for any inherited trait: dominant/ recessive: expressed allele = dominant; silent allele = recessive * The second law states that the inheritance of one gene does not affect the inheritance of another gene.

Get access

Grade+20% off
$8 USD/m$10 USD/m
Billed $96 USD annually
Grade+
Homework Help
Study Guides
Textbook Solutions
Class Notes
Textbook Notes
Booster Class
40 Verified Answers

Related Documents

BIOL 205 Lecture Notes - Rna Polymerase I, Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen, Helicase
magentamuskrat808
BIOL 205
Final Exam
Study Guide
BIOL 205 Study Guide - Midterm Guide: Hfr Cell, Antimicrobial Resistance, Epigenome
puceprairie-dog403
BIOL 205 Lecture Notes - Lecture 6: Antennapedia, Reverse Genetics, Cell Membrane
viridiankangaroo98

Related Questions

As we discussed in “lecture”, Rh is the most complex of the blood group types, involving at least 45 different antigens. The most clinically important antigen, D or RhO, is encoded by the gene RhD which is found on chromosome 1. Individuals that are Rh-positive have either one or two RhD genes, whereas the Rh-negative phenotype is caused by the absence of the RhD gene. (The antithetical allele d does not exist, however the letter "d" is used to indicate the D-negative phenotype). For the purpose of this homework, we will simplify things. Assume that the Rh blood group has only two alleles: the Rh-positive allele (D) and the Rh-negative allele (d). Erythroblastosis fetalis (EF) is a condition that causes the mother's red blood cells to attack those of the baby as if they were any foreign invaders. It is referred to as hemolytic anemia of the newborn. It is caused by anti-Rh antibodies from the mother which pass through the placenta and attack fetal blood cells that happen to be Rh-positive. Babies that are at risk for this condition are those with Rh-positive blood, whose mothers are Rh-negative (dd).

Consider a population under Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, where the frequency of the Rh-negative allele, d, is 0.3. What is the frequency of crosses that could potentially produce children with erythroblastosis fetalis?

The A antigen (the protein that makes A blood A blood) is embedded in the red blood cell (RBC) membrane. Blood group A individuals will automatically carry antibodies (proteins that are in the blood plasma-liquid part of blood) that will attack blood group B cells. Blood group B individuals will carry antibodies that will attack blood group A cells. Blood group O individuals, lacking either of the A or B antigens will carry BOTH types of antibodies and will attack either A or B cells. When there is a transfusion with incompatible blood groups, cells can clump creating blockages in arteries throughout the body. Other pathways can lead to the lysing of RBC’s which will release their contents into the bloodstream elevating these component in the blood which can have sever effects on the heart (potassium primarily-in case you are interested).

Remember, the Rh is a typical one gene, two allele scenario. Rh+ blood can accept Rh+ or Rh- blood. A person with Rh- blood can only receive Rh- blood. Unlike ABO where an individual manufactures the antibody to an antigen they lack without prior exposure, the Rh factor requires previous exposure to illicit an immune response. If a Rh- person is exposed to Rh+ blood, the individual will create the antibody against the Rh antigen. Now, if Rh+ blood is introduced into this individual again, the recipient’s blood contains anti-Rh antibodies and will attack the Rh+ cells-Bad news for the recipient. This is the same thing that happens with an Rh- mom who gets pregnant with an Rh+ baby. By the time the first Rh+ baby is born and blood mixing may have occurred during late pregnancy (small breaks in the placenta can cause some of baby’s blood to mix with that of mom), first baby escapes unharmed. Subsequent babies aren’t so lucky.

If there are small tears in the placenta (which are normal), mom’s anti Rh antibodies can go in and attack the Rh+ baby’s blood. This can kill the baby. Now, Rh- moms are given a substance that will coat the baby’s RBC’; kind of like putting them into stealth mode so they can’t be seen by mom’s immune system. Later-poof, out pops unaffected baby.

1. What blood type(s) can be given to an A positive individual?

2. If you have B negative blood, what blood types can you receive?

3. What blood types can an O negative receive? O positive?

4. If a man is blood group B and his wife is blood group A what blood type(s) are you 100% sure they could produce in their children?

5. If you have a blood group O father and a blood group B mother, can they produce an O child? Explain your answer.

6. You have a male friend who is blood group AB. He is successful in business but knows very little about biology. His wife just had an O child. Knowing that you have been studying the genetics of blood groups, he asks you for an education on blood groups. What do you think about this situation?

7. A woman is AB and her husband is A. They have a B child. What are all the blood groups possible in their children if he is heterozygous?

8. A woman is Rh- and her husband is Rh+. Their first baby is Rh-. What is the genotype, with respect to Rh, of the parents? What is the probability their next child will be Rh+? Does the woman have to worry about any issues with future children? Explain!

As we discussed in “lecture”, Rh is the most complex of theblood group types, involving at least 45 different antigens. Themost clinically important antigen, D orRhO, is encoded by the gene RhD whichis found on chromosome 1. Individuals that are Rh-positive haveeither one or two RhD genes, whereas the Rh-negativephenotype is caused by the absence of the RhD gene. (Theantithetical allele d does not exist, however the letter"d" is used to indicate the D-negative phenotype). For the purposeof this homework, we will simplify things. Assume that the Rh bloodgroup has only two alleles: the Rh-positive allele (D) andthe Rh-negative allele (d).

Erythroblastosis fetalis (EF) is a condition that causes themother's red blood cells to attack those of the baby as if theywere any foreign invaders. It is referred to as hemolytic anemia ofthe newborn. It is caused by anti-Rh antibodies from the motherwhich pass through the placenta and attack fetal blood cells thathappen to be Rh-positive. Babies that are at risk for thiscondition are those with Rh-positive blood, whose mothers areRh-negative (dd).

Side note: Here’s a current headline thataddresses this condition. It’s well worth a read!

http://www.cnn.com/2015/06/09/health/james-harrison-golden-arm-blood-rhesus/index.html

Consider a population under Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, where thefrequency of the Rh-negative allele, d, is 0.3. What isthe frequency of crosses that could potentially produce childrenwith erythroblastosis fetalis?