BLG 251 : micro questions.docx

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sangriabadger141

16 May 2012

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Why are two physiologically distinct microbes required for this reaction: define mineralization and immobilization and give examples. Mineralization the conversion of organic nutrients into inorganic material during microbial growth and metabolism. Organic matter is decomposed to release simpler, inorganic compounds co2, nh3, ch4, h2). Immobilization the incorporation of nutrients such as nitrate and phosphate into organic matter so that they are temporarily unavailable for nutrient cycling. Lignin is an important structural component in mature plant materials, composed of a complex amorphous polymers linked by carbon-carbon and carbon-ether bonds. Structurally heterogeneous- there is no single lignin molecule. No single degradative enzyme can attack lignin. Fungi and streptomycetes degrade lignin by oxidative depolymerisation- which requires oxygen. Compare these with the forms that accumulate after aerobic degradation. Under oxic with oxygen- conditions, oxidized products such as nitrate, sulphate, and carbon dioxide accumulate. Under anoxic without oxygen- conditions, reduced end products tend to accumulate, including ammonium ion, sulphide and methane.

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Part B) Multiple choice

1. In the traditional sense, the __________ spoke to the fact that ocean's ratio of 16:1 (N to P) corresponds that seen in the marine phytoplankton, reflecting the importance of microorganismal nutrient cycling in this widespread ecosystem and the fact that microbial growth can be limited by a nutrient like __________.

A. arrigo ratio; carbon B.arrigo ratio; iron C.redfield ratio; nitrogen D.redfield ratio; phosphorus

2. A free-floating biofilm is termed a:

A. colony B.drift C.mat D.pellicle

3. _______________ is a metabolic process whereby ammonia is converted to N2 anaerobically that is important, and previously unknown, part of marine N cycling carried out by Planctomyces.

A. Anammox B.nitrogen respiration C.nitrogen reduction D.nitrogen oxidation

jademouse658

Which of the following is NOT one of the uses of fungi?

Select one:

a. As a source of antibiotics.

b. To make drinks, like beer.

c. To produce fabrics like cotton and linen.

d. To make food, like bread.

e. As a direct food source: mushrooms, for example.

How do fungi get nutrients?

Select one:

a. They ingest organic material, break it down internally, and absorb the released nutrients through their digestive system.

b. Fungi use each of these methods to get nutrients.

c. They secrete enzymes that break down dead matter or living organisms and absorb the released nutrients.

d. They receive nutrients from other organisms that trade the nutrients for protection from pathogens.

e. They produce their own by photosynthesis.

Why is fungi's role as biodegraders so important to ecosystems?

Select one:

a. It transfers the energy from sunlight into sugars.

b. It provides nutrients and oxygen to the ecosystem.

c. It protects plants from harmful viruses and bacteria.

d. It keeps the level of prey animals down so they do not overwhelm the ecosystem.

e. It recycles and reuses organic molecules so they are not wasted.

Bacteria are major players in biogeochemical cycles. Give examples of different environments and the relative abundance of bacteria in each. Describe the way in which the environment will determine the rate at which nutrients become available through impacts on bacteria.

Your response should be at least 200 words in length.â

BLG 251 : micro questions.docx

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