CRM 202 Study Guide - Fall 2018, Comprehensive Midterm Notes - Victimology, Victim Blaming, Toronto
12 Oct 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
CRM 202
MIDTERM EXAM
STUDY GUIDE
Fall 2018
! of !1 5
Victims and the Criminal Process
Professor Anke Allspach
CRM 202
Lecture 1
•Criminology
-Focus on criminal"
-Needed science to figure out what its doing"
-Criminologists want to know why they committed the crime "
-How do people commit crimes?"
-Who commits crimes?"
-As a state how can we interfere and prevent this?"
-How the state treats the victims"
-How they assess victims"
•Victimology
-Focus on the victim"
-More often blamed "
-Become re-victimized"
-Help/needs/costs"
-Consequences of their victimization"
•Victims and Victimology
-Definitions and Causes"
-The Emergence of Victimology as a Field of Study"
-Victim Typologies"
•Definition
-Online Etymology Dictionary"
-Latin: victimization"
-Early as 15th century living creature that was killed, offered sacrificed"
-1690: someone who was tortured, hurt, killed"
-1718: someone who was oppressed or taken advantage of"
-1830: someone who experiences injury, harm, loss or hardship"
•Definition (Scott, 2011, 2)
-“A person who is killed, injured or otherwise harmed by another as a result of an accident
or other event or as a result of a crime;"
-A person who is taken advantage of"
-A person who suffers harm as a result of an voluntary undertaking”"
•Legal Definitions
-Criminal Code of Canada (CCC) 2007"
-“any victim of an alleged offence”"
-The Corrections and Conditional Release Act (CCRA) 1992/2015"
-“in respect of an offence, means an individual who has suffered physical or emotional
harm, property damage or economic loss, as a result of the commission of an
offence” (CCRA, s. 2, 2015)."
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
! of !2 5
•Victimology and Criminology
-Two different fields (Scott 2011, 4)"
-Criminology: offender focussed"
-Offers theories of crime that describe and explain crime, offenders actions and crime
prevention, contexts and challenges faced by offenders"
-Victimology: victim focussed, developing victim typologies"
-study crime from the victims perspective"
-Contexts, challenges faced by victims"
•Victimology
-Victims and harm have been studied by various disciplines and groups for the past
century"
-Last 30-20 years victimology as an academic field of study has emerged"
-“is the study of victims and the social context in which they exist” (Scott 2011, 4)"
-“science of the victim” (Mendelson 1947)"
-Victims are various and multiple ideas/theories of victimization exist"
•Causes
-Natural catastrophic events and disasters"
-Accidents"
-Environmental damages"
-Injustices"
-Oppression, tyranny, ethnic cleansing"
-Crime"
-Exploitation"
-Violence and Abuse"
•Effects
Victim Categorizations based on Impact
-Primary victim: directly harmed"
-Secondary victim: not directly impacted: witness"
-Tertiary victim: a person who was not directly involved may suffer from event: family"
-or"
-Actual victim: direct target of victimization"
-Direct victim: a person who is present and experiences harm"
-Indirect victim: not immediately affected but may suffer from result"
•Tragedy in the Town of Lac-Megantic
-Read the article provided and discuss the different victim categorizations based on the
incident’s impact."
-What are some the advantages and short comings of this categorization?"
•Victimology
-TYPOLOGIES OF VICTIMIZATION"
-Victim precipitation, facilitation, provocation"
•Victim Typologies: Role of the Victim in the Victim-Offender Relationship
-Who is a victim? Who is deserving of full victim status and who gets blamed and
“responsibilitized”?"
-Think through systemic issues such as racism, sexism, classism, ableism, homophobia…."
•Hans von Hentig 1887-1974
-“the doer and the sufferer”"
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Needed science to gure out what its doing. Criminologists want to know why they committed the crime. Consequences of their victimization: victims and victimology. The emergence of victimology as a field of study. 1830: someone who experiences injury, harm, loss or hardship: de nition (scott, 2011, 2) A person who is killed, injured or otherwise harmed by another as a result of an accident or other event or as a result of a crime; A person who su ers harm as a result of an voluntary undertaking : legal de nitions. The corrections and conditional release act (ccra) 1992/2015. In respect of an o ence, means an individual who has su ered physical or emotional harm, property damage or economic loss, as a result of the commission of an o ence (ccra, s. 2, 2015). of ! Last 30-20 years victimology as an academic eld of study has emerged.
