FSN 101 Study Guide - Midterm Guide: Microorganism, Microfiber, Combustibility And Flammability
29 May 2018
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FSN 101 Midterm Lecture Outline
Week 2
• What are the differences between fibers, yarns and fabric?
Fibers
• Fibers are any substance, natural or manufactured, with a high length-to-width ratio
possessing suitable characteristics for being processed into fabric; the smallest
component, hair like in nature that can be separated from a fabric.
• Fibers can be absorbent (like cotton or rayon), or stretchy (like spandex), warm and
bulky (like wool), or very strong and abrasion resistant (like nylon or polyester)
• Fibers are combined or twisted into yarns
Yarns
• an assemblage of fibers that is twisted or laid together so as to form a continuous stand
that can be made into a textile fabric.
• Yarns can be used to make a fabric that is smooth and slick like satin and fuzzy like
brushed denim.
• Yarns are used to weave or knit fabric
Fabric
• A flexible planar substance constructed from solutions, fibres, yarns, or fabrics, in any
combination.
• Fabrics range from lightweight and sheer chiffon scarves to heavy and sturdy denim to
rigid and firm carpeting to technical products such as erosion control and medical
tapes.
• Cloth and material are common synonyms (substitutes) for fabric.
• most textiles are made of fibres that are processed into yarns and woven or knit into
fabrics. Coloration and finishing add value, enhance appearance, or improve
performance.
• What are the differences between natural or manufactured or synthetic fibers?
Natural
• Natural fibers are grown or developed in nature in recognizable fiber form.
• animal like wool
• wool fibers- texture: crimp and curly
• silk- silk worm, silk fiber inside, gives it a nice luster and shine
• cotton- grows in a boll (the rounded seed capsule of plants such as cotton or flax):
protected case that grows around the case.
• cotton fiber- twisted ribbon shape, not straight and flat, kidney bean shape/cross
section
• flax (linen)- comes from the flax plant/stem, much longer than cotton
Manufactured
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• Manufactured fibres are fibres made from chemical compounds produced in
manufacturing facilities. The material’s original form is not recognizable as a fibre.
• comes from a chemical solution
• made first, from there goes into something called a spinneret (very small holes in it)
• create filament fibres- long and smooth, do not need to be spun or twisted cause they
are already long
• Synthetic fibres are fibres produced from synthetic polymers made from basic raw
materials. Manufactured fibres can be produced form synthetic fibres.
• What is the difference between staple and filament fibres?
Staple
• staple fibres are any natural or manufactured fibre produced in or cut to a short length
measured in inches or centimetres.
• staple = short
Filament
• Filament fibres are fibres that are extremely long (length measured in miles or
kilometres) or yarns made of these fibres.
• long and continuous, 1600
• all used in filament fibre, just cut to make staple form
4. What is the difference between mono and multi filament? What is tow?
Monofilament
• a filament fibre consisting of a single fibre
• now filament fibre, one fibre making the yarn
• ex. fishing rod
Multifilament
• a filament yarn consisting of multiple fibres
• many, multiple have been grouped together to make the yarn
Tow
• short flax fibre; a large assembly of filament fibres to facilitate handling and
processing during the production of manufactured staple fibres.
Loose filament fiber
5. How do fibers contribute to fabric performance?
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• Performance describes the manner in which a textile, textile component, or textile
product responds to use or how to responds when exposed to some mechanical or
environmental factor that might adversely affect it
• mechanical factors include abrasion, impact, or pulling forces.
• environmental factors include extremely warm or cold temps, intense light, and
frequent or prolonged wetting
• standard test method
• textile performance is determined by all of the components of the product, from fibre
content to fabric finishing.
• use the right fibre
• benefits or drawbacks depending on what you’re making
• ex, design ski jacket shell, nylon would be a great choice
• features: something technical
• benefits: what you get from the feature
6. What is serviceability?
Serviceability
• the measure of a textile’s product’s ability to meet consumers’ needs.
Aesthetics
• addresses the appearance or attractiveness of a textile product
• Does the item look pleasing for end use? Does it make the right statement for the
target market?
• aesthetics include the specific textile components of texture, lustre, pattern or motif,
colour, opacity, drape, stiffness, and surface characteristics
Durability
• describes the manner in which the product withstands use, that is, the length of time
the product is considered suitable for use for which it was purchased.
• will the consumer be satisfied with it?
Comfort
• addresses the way textiles affect heat, air, and moisture transfer, and the way the body
interacts with a textile product.
Safety
• considers a textile’s ability to protect the body from harm.
• is this item recommended for its end use in terms of absorbency, temp regulation, and
hand? Will its comfort change with use, care or age? How does it feel? Is it safe to
wear?
Appearance retention
• considers how the product maintains its original appearance during use and care.
• Will the item retain its new look with use and cleaning? Will it resist wrinkling,
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find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Coloration and finishing add value, enhance appearance, or improve performance. Manufactured: manufactured fibres are fibres made from chemical compounds produced in manufacturing facilities. Manufactured fibres can be produced form synthetic fibres. Staple: staple fibres are any natural or manufactured fibre produced in or cut to a short length measured in inches or centimetres, staple = short. Monofilament: a filament fibre consisting of a single fibre, now filament fibre, one fibre making the yarn, ex. fishing rod. Multifilament: a filament yarn consisting of multiple fibres, many, multiple have been grouped together to make the yarn. Tow: short flax fibre; a large assembly of filament fibres to facilitate handling and processing during the production of manufactured staple fibres. Serviceability: the measure of a textile"s product"s ability to meet consumers" needs. Does it make the right statement for the target market: aesthetics include the specific textile components of texture, lustre, pattern or motif, colour, opacity, drape, stiffness, and surface characteristics.
