PAT 20A/B Study Guide - Final Guide: Tunica Intima, Angiotensin, Interleukin-1 Family

• School: Ryerson University
• Department: Pathotherapeutics
• Course: PAT 20A/B
• Professor: Leo Michelis

Document Summary

Process of how the endothelium gets damaged: o(cid:373)ethi(cid:374)g (cid:862)(cid:271)ad(cid:863) a(cid:374)d irritating (toxic) moves into the endothelium. Hyperhomocystinemia-- abnormally high level of homocysteine( risk factor for cv disease) in the blood: non-protein amino acid. C-reactive protein: the e(cid:374)dothelial (cid:272)ells are (cid:862)i(cid:374)jured(cid:863) a(cid:374)d do (cid:374)ot fu(cid:374)(cid:272)tio(cid:374) properly= endothelial dysfunction. The tunica intima allows the movement of ldl to move through the endothelium. Injured endothelial cells become inflamed and cannot make normal amounts of: antithrombotic and vasodilating cytokines. Endothelial cells= damage= inflammation occurs: when endothelium is damaged--- their not able to cause vasodilation, vasoconstriction or release chemical mediators. Growth factors are released that stimulate cell proliferation ( # of (cid:272)ells(cid:895) in the affected vessel angiotensin ii fibroblast growth factor platelet-derived growth factor: macrophages adhere to the injured endothelium and migrate into the intima. The macrophages release enzymes and toxic oxygen radicals cause more injury and result in oxidation of ldl.