BPK 105 Midterm: Module 4 - Review Questions - Part 2
27 Apr 2018
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Module 4 - Review Questions - Part 2
1. Compare and contrast the structure and functional roles of neurons (nerve
cells) and neuroglia (glial cells). Be sure to describe four types of neuroglia
(excluding Ependymal cells) in your discussion. [6 marks]
- neurons job: to perform action potentials and consists of the cell body, dendrites, and
axon.
- electrically excitable cells in the nervous system that function to process and transmit
information
- Neuroglia: They are the support cells of the nervous system; they protect, nourish, and
insulate the axon.
- To surround neurons and hold them in place. To supply nutrients and oxygen to
neurons.
- neuroglia is related closely to a neuron because it forms around the axon of the neuron.
- Astrocytes have many branches and will help the cell support its structure, as well as
helping the neuronal signalling stay constant.
- Microglia which is small and moves around, helps the central nervous system for getting
infected as well as being able to absorb infections and bacterias in response to
inflammation.
- Oligodendrocytes which will form a myelin sheath around an axon and will also cover
the parts for the axon that are open and are unmyelinated
astrocytes- major supporting cells in the CNS, can stimulate or inhibit the signaling of nearby
neurons
- serve as major supporting cell in the CNS, stimulate or inhibit the signalling activity of
nearby neurons, forms blood-brain barrier, help limit damage to neural tissue
microglia- act as immune cells of CNS, protect brain by removing bacteria and cell debris
- act as immune cells of the CNS. they help protect the brain by removing bacteria and
cell debris
oligodendrocytes in CNS and schwann cells in PNS provide insulating material that
surrounds axons
2. Draw the structure of a multipolar neuron, labeling the main structural features
and supportive cells. You do not need to label the organelles. [3 marks]
Refer to table 8.1 and figures 8.4 & 8.5 in textbook.
Multipolar neurons have many dendrites and a single axon. Most of the neurons within the CNS
and nearly all motor neurons are multipolar.
3. Draw and label a graph representing the change in membrane potential of an
axon during an action potential. Include the state of ion channels (open or
