BPK 105 Midterm: Module 5 - Review Questions - Part 1

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browncricket987

27 Apr 2018

School

Simon Fraser University

Department

Biomedical Physio & Kines

Course

BPK 105

Professor

Ryan Dill

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Module 5 - Review Questions - Part 1

1. Define sensory perception and differentiate between general and special

senses, listing examples of each. [5 marks]

Sensation is the process initiated by stimulating sensory receptors and perception is the

conscious awareness of those stimuli.

conscious awareness of stimuli that activate sensory receptors

general senses

- have receptors distributed over a large part of the body.

- divided into two groups: somatic senses + visceral senses.

-somatic senses provide sensory information about the body and the environment.

-visceral senses provide information about various internal organs, primarily involving

pain and pressure.

- touch, pressure, temperature, pain, and vibration

Special senses

- more specialized in structure and are localized to specific parts of the body.

- special senses are smell, taste, sight, hearing, and balance.

2. Describe the five types of receptors involved in responding to both general

and special senses. Provide a specific example of where each is utilized. [7.5

marks]

Mechanoreceptors respond to mechanical stimuli, such as the bending or stretching of

receptors

Regulation of Stomach Secretions: Gastric Phase

1 Distention of the stomach stimulates mechanoreceptors (stretch receptors) and

activates a parasympathetic reflex. Action potentials generated by the

mechanoreceptors are carried by the vagus nerves to the medulla oblongata (green

arrow).

2 The medulla oblongata increases action potentials in the vagus nerves that stimulate

secretions by parietal and chief cells and stimulate gastrin and histamine secretion by

endocrine cells (pink arrow).

3 Distention of the stomach also activates local reflexes that increase stomach

secretions (orange arrow).

4 Gastrin is carried through the circulation back to the stomach (purple arrow), where,

along with histamine, it stimulates secretion.

Chemoreceptors respond to chemicals, such as odor molecules.

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Document Summary

Module 5 - review questions - part 1: define sensory perception and differentiate between general and special senses, listing examples of each. More specialized in structure and are localized to specific parts of the body. special senses are smell, taste, sight, hearing, and balance: describe the five types of receptors involved in responding to both general and special senses. Provide a specific example of where each is utilized. Mechanoreceptors r espond to mechanical stimuli, such as the bending or stretching of receptors. 1 distention of the stomach stimulates mechanoreceptors (stretch receptors) and activates a parasympathetic reflex. Action potentials generated by the mechanoreceptors are carried by the vagus nerves to the medulla oblongata (green arrow). 2 the medulla oblongata increases action potentials in the vagus nerves that stimulate secretions by parietal and chief cells and stimulate gastrin and histamine secretion by endocrine cells (pink arrow). 3 distention of the stomach also activates local reflexes that increase stomach secretions (orange arrow).

Related Questions

Sensory systems

1.All sensory input arrives at the central nervous system in the same form, as ____________ propagated by afferent neurons. Perception of the type and intensity of a stimulus depends on which part of the brain the impulse projects to and the firing frequency the sensory neuron.

A.action potentials B.receptor potentials C.reflexes D.frequency localizations E.thresholds

2.The simplest sensory receptors are __________ that respond to mechanical distortion,changes in temperature, or specific chemicals.

A.nociceptors B.free nerve endings C.gated channels D.photoreceptors. E.ganglia

3.When membrane proteins on an olfactory neuron are stimulated by the binding of a specific chemical, what is the immediate result?

A.membrane depolarization B.membrane repolarization C.active ion transport D.membrane hyperpolarization E.neurotransmitter release

5.The lateral line system provides ________ with a sense of "distant touch," enabling these animals to sense objects that reflect pressure waves and low-frequency vibrations.

A.adult amphibians B.reptiles C.birds D.mammals E.fish

6.Which correctly represents the sequence of steps involved to convey sensory information to the CNS?

A.stimulation and ion flow through the synaptic cleft B.neurotransmitter release and interpretation
C.neurotransmitter release and ion flow through the synaptic cleft D.stimulation, transduction, transmission, and interpretation E.stimulation, transmission, and neurotransmitter release

7.Which of the following stimuli do vertebrates NOT have a specialized receptor for?

A.hearing B.taste C.smell D.humidity E.vision

8.Which of the following is NOT an example of a mechanoreceptor?

A.Meissner's corpuscles B.Ruffini endings C.Merkel cells D.red corpuscles E.Pacinian corpuscles

9.What are the receptors called that transmit impulses that are perceived by the brain as pain?
A. baroreceptors B. chemoreceptors C. nociceptors
D. thermoreceptors E. propioceptors

10. Which of the following do humans NOT have taste buds specialized to sense?

A. salty B. sour. C. sweet. D. vitamins E. bitter

1. Kidneys help to maintain a proper balance of _________ within the body.

Phosphorous

Chloride

Potassium

Calcium Phosphate

ions

All of the above

2. The nervous system has how many major categories?

3. Which major category of the nervous system contains both the Somatic and the Autonomic divisions?

Central Nervous System

Peripheral Nervous System

Neither of these

Both of these

4. Which organ or structure helps to control the master endocrine gland (pituitary gland)?

The pancreas

The thorax

Peyerâs patches

The hypothalamus

6. This tiny gland is located at the base of the brain and produces the hormone melanin.

Parathyroid

Pituitary

Hypothalamus

Pineal

7. These glands are situated right above the kidneys. The hormones produced by these glands help us to cope with stress.

Thyroid

Parathyroid

Hypothalamus

Adrenals

8. The hormones necessary for the production of sperm are produced in the __________.

Kidneys

Testes

Ovaries

None of the above

9. The bloodstream assists the endocrine organs and structures by:

Removing hormones from the body

Delivering hormones to target cells

Delivering hormones to secretory cells

The bloodstream does not come into contact with endocrine structures or organs
10. The pancreas _____________.

Is a master gland that controls many other glands

Produces progesterone and oestrogen

Is a salivary gland

Regulates blood sugar, aid in digestion

11. The basic function of the endocrine system is ________ in nature.

Digestive

Reproductive

Hormonal

Proximal

13. Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are experienced by many people during their lifetimes. Urinary tract infections can involve any bacterial infection of the urinary system structures; the kidneys, bladder, ureters, or urethra. They are caused by bacteria entering the body through the urethra and traveling upward into the body. Symptoms can range from mild discomfort when urinating to extreme pain and the loss of blood during urination. They occur more frequently in women than men, and are often treated by antibiotics in addition to home remedies, such as drinking more water and drinking cranberry juice.

Based on what you have learned about the cause of urinary tract infections, which of the following precautions would help to prevent reoccurring infections?

Taking pain medication when symptoms occur

Placing a hot pack on the abdomen when symptoms occur

Practicing good hygiene Exercising regularly

14. The nervous system is divided into two major divisions: the Central Nervous System and the Peripheral Nervous System. Those divisions have structures that can be classified as belonging to two different subdivisions: the Somatic and the Autonomic systems. The nervous system can be summarized as a complex system of interconnected nerves and special cells called neurons that are used to transmit information (by means of small electrical impulses). Use the information in the table below to help answer questions about the nervous system. Division Organs & Structures Functions Central Nervous System (CNS) Brain Spinal Cord Nerves This is the bodyâs assessment and communication center. It analyzes the information received from the sensory neurons and responds. Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) Sensory Neurons Ganglia (clusters of neurons) Nerves that connect to one another and to the CNS The sensory neurons react to physical stimuli such as light, sound, heat, and pressure, and transmit that information to the CNS. Subdivisions Description Examples Somatic The Somatic system is comprised of nerves that connect the brain and spinal cord to the muscles of the body and sensory receptors in the skin. Reactions to physical stimuli like heat or light. Using your hand to touch Eating food Autonomic The Autonomic system largely involuntary. This system controls the unconscious functions of the body. Breathing Blood Pressure

Feeling overwhelmed or startled by exposure to very loud noises is likely a reaction to information collected by which subdivision of the nervous system:

Somatic

Autonomic

No answer text provided.

15. The thyroid gland is perhaps the most well-known member of the pancreatic system. Many adults are screened for thyroid problems during routine physical exams. This butterfly shaped gland is found at the base of the neck and releases hormones that affect the bodyâs metabolism (the way the body uses energy). The thyroidâs two main hormones are T3 and T4, and they affect many body functions, including: â¢ Breathing â¢ Heart rate â¢ Central and peripheral nervous systems â¢ Body weight â¢ Muscle strength â¢ Menstrual cycles â¢ Body temperature â¢ Cholesterol levels Two common disorders associated with the thyroid include hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism. Some of the symptoms associated with these disorders are listed in the table below. Hyperthyroidism (Too many hormones released) Hypothyroidism (Too few hormones released) Anxiety Irritability or moodiness Nervousness, hyperactivity Sweating or sensitivity to high temperatures Hand trembling (shaking) Hair loss Missed or light menstrual periods Trouble sleeping Tiredness and fatigue Difficulty concentrating Dry skin and hair Depression Sensitivity to cold temperature Frequent, heavy periods Joint and muscle pain A patient complains of arthritis-like pain in the joints of her hands, but tests for arthritis come back negative. The doctor then suggests a thyroid function test. The doctor is most likely concerned about:

High levels of T3 and T4 hormones in the body

Low levels of T3 and T4 hormones in the body

No answer text provided.

No answer text provided

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BPK 105 Midterm: Module 5 - Review Questions - Part 1

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