CRIM 220 Study Guide - Comprehensive Final Guide: Statistical Conclusion Validity, Causal Inference, Internal Validity
28 Nov 2016
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Document Summary
Introduction: (causation, units, and time are key elements in planning a research study) We start with a discussion of causation in social science, the foundation of explanatory research. We then examine units of analysis - the what or whom to study. Deciding on units of analysis is an important part of all research, partly because people sometimes inappropriately use data measuring one type of unit to say something about a different type of unit. Next we consider alternative ways of handling time in criminal justice research. It"s sometimes appropriate to examine a static cross section of social life, but other studies follow social processes over time. In this regard, researchers must consider the time order of events and processes in making statements about cause. Recognizing that virtually all causal relationships in criminal justice are probabilistic is central to understanding other points about cause. 2 types of causes: necessary cause. Validity threats: possible sources of false conclusions about cause or measurement.
