HSCI 340 Study Guide - Final Guide: Louis Pasteur, Gender Binary, Health Equity
16 May 2018
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Department
Course
Professor
Group 1: Week 8 –Sex and Gender
SEX AND GENDER
• the idea that peoples gender, sex, and sexuality impact life choices and affect well bein
• a persos gender does not always correspond to their biological sex.
Gender
• a socially determined role, attitude, or characteristic behaviour of men and women
Gender Identity
• how a person defines and understands their gender
Gender expression
• how a person demonstrated gender through dress, actions and demeanour
Gender Systems
• are systems which define gender roles in societies. A gender role is "everything that a
person says and does to indicate to others or to the self the degree that one is either
male, female, or androgynous.
Gender roles, identities, expressions, norms and relations can serve both as protective and/or
risk factors for health.
• social norms in different cultures can influence a persons health
• barriers to equality: such as the men vs women pay scale in work. Could affect a single
mother providing for her family and access to jobs in the market. Diseases affect men
and women differently, and how transgendered take away more discrimination, stigma,
and violence.
Understand femininity and masculinity differences.
Four approaches to Gender and health
1. Gender Neutral Approaches
2. Biological and Reproductive Determinism: Seeing Women As Reproductive Beings
3. Sex and Gender Analysis: Seeing Women as Different from Men
4. Intersectional Analyses: Seeing Differences Among Women and Among Men. Recognition of
transgender and intersex people.
Last important key idea from the first half
Itersetioalit … i relatio to geder is the idea that geder is eperieed oe & e
simultaneously with their experiences of class, race, sexual orientation, size and other forms of
social difference.
Group 5: Week 8 –Intersex (sex and gender)
eplores ho iterse people ith their er differet odies aigate their a through
childhood, adolescence, relationships and adulthood
-1/2000 babies are intersex meaning they are born with genitalia that is ambiguous, that no
one can determine if the child is male or female
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-shame and secrecy mostly define many intersex births because of the stigma and
discrimination behind it
-intersex individuals are not seen as fit in the binary model of a solely male and female world so
- intersex individuals often acquire surgery, synthetic hormones and gender reinforcements to
create an image of what is considered normal
- ad ost people reeie edial iteretios to fi their so-called problems whereas some
were able to escape surgeries and continue to live as Nature made them.
- the overall message was that shae ad sere odel hast orked – and that intersex
children can grow up to make informed choices about their own bodies and be identified with
what is most comfortable for them
Group 6: Week 9 –Racialization and Racism (slides 13-22)
1) Define Ethnicity, Ethnic group: know the difference between terms
2) Define Culture and what constitutes it?
3) Know that just under half the Canadian population reports having multiple ethnic origins
(41%)
4) Define Racialization, Racialised group, and Structural Racialism
5) Know that racialized groups/ visible minorities are groups who experience social exclusion,
racism and socioeconomic disparity
6) Know how structural racism influences health: thru embedding in societal-level institutions,
policies and practices.
7) Possible T/F: Ethnic origin refers to a person's 'roots' and should not be confused with
citizenship, nationality, language or place of birth- True
Week 10: Childhood Development and education
What are some developmental needs for children?
-social presentation
-self-care skills
-education
-identity
-family and relationships
-health
-emotional development
What is the importance of early childhood development?
-early childhood development is a period of rapid growth and development from birth until age
6. These ears are ritial for a hilds phsial, soial/eotioal ad ogitie deelopet.
Education:
-there is strong association between education and positive health status
-those with lower education experience higher rates of unemployment, lower incomes, poor
health and lower quality of life
Poverty:
Define poverty and describe how it is a social determinant of health:
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• Poverty is a social determinant of health because it is responsible for health inequalities.
It is attributable to other SDoH, such as income inequality, race, and others.
• Poverty rates are high among children à 40% of indigenous children in Canada live in
poverty
Poverty in Indigenous children in Canada:
• There are 3 tiers of poverty
• The situation of poverty is worse in Manitoba and Saskatchewan
• Idigeous hildre are ehid the rest of Caadas hildre i ultiple areas: fail
wellbeing, educational attainment, homelessness, poor water quality, health and suicide
Poverty effects the health development of a child:
• The soial deteriats of health shape the hilds life (housig, eighorhood,
education, etc.)
• Brain and biological development is influened a ifats eiroet
• Early childhood development during first few years of life has an impact on the
reaider of the hilds life
Group 16: Week 11 –Disability and Living with illness (Before break)
Social construction theory
o Refers to the socially created characteristics of human life based on the idea that
people actively construct reality, meaning it is neither natural nor inevitable.
Therefore notions of health/illness are subjective human creations that should
not be taken for granted
The difference between chronic illness, disease, illness and sickness
• Chronic Illness
o a) People with chronic illness can become disabled
o b) People with disabilities can be healthy
o disability and chronic illness are usually discussed as the same:
• Illness
o Illness: the subjective sense of feeling unwell; illness does not need a specic
patholog, ut refers to a persos sujetie eperiee of it, suh as
discomfort, redness, or general malaise.
• Sickness
o The socially and culturally held conceptions of health condi ons (e.g., the dread
of cancer or the stigma of mental illness), which in turn in uence how the pa ent
reacts.
• Disease
o The ioedial odel of disease has doiated edial thikig sie the e
of Louis Pasteur and the microbiological revolution.
o This model focuses on pathological processes, and on understanding, diagnosing,
and treating the physical and biological aspects of disease.
The rates and trends of chronic diseases are increasing, which leads to more deaths and
accounts for a majority of direct health care costs
• most significant cause of death worldwide (63%)
• chronic diseases cause premature deaths under age 60:
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