PSYCO105 Study Guide - Quiz Guide: Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder, Y Chromosome, Critical Period
30 Apr 2018
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1. What is Developmental Psychology?
a. Study of Age-related Changes in behavioural and cognitive processes
2. Provide 4 issues with Developmental Psychology.
a. Nature versus Nurture → amount of psychological developmental from nature versus nurture.
b. Critical and Sensitive periods → Ease of learning. Critical Period is at the age of 5.
c. Stability versus change → Behaviour of cognition increases over time.
d. Continuous versus stage changes → Transition from infancy to adulthood.
i. Continuous development → Gradual
ii. Discontinuous → Leap
3. What are the two research designs?
a. Cross-Sectional → Different age groups compared at one time.
i. Benefits → Cheap, one-shot method
ii. Disadvantages → Cohort effects, historical differences.
b. Longitudinal Design → Sample participants over time.
i. Benefits → Controls for historic change
ii. Disadvantages → time consuming, costly, drop-out rates are high.
4. What was the compromise design that resulted from the two research designs?
a. Sequential Design → Takes more than one group over time to adjust cohort differences, but they
remain to be costly to carry out.
5. What are physical developments?
a. Physical developments include maturation which is a biological process that governs growth.
6. What principles does maturation follow?
a. Cephalocaudal Principle → Child is disproportional at the top but begins to become proportional
with age.
b. Proximodistal Principle → Development begins at the centre of the body and works outwards.
7. Finish the statement: “The Y chromosome is a sex chromosome that contains _____ ______ ____.”
a. Testis determining Factor (TDF) gene.
8. What are three prenatal Developmental Risks?
a. Maternal Factors → Malnutrition and Stress. Example; Dutch Famine (low food counts).
b. Teratogens → Substances or factors that cause birth defects. Example; cocaine, alcohol, tobacco,
too much aspirin.
c. Diseases → Sexually transmitted or others that can be passed to children lead to developmental
problems. Example; Tuskegee Study
9. What could Fetal Alcohol Result in? How does this affect development?
a. Fetal Alcohol may lead to Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD) which lead to mild to severe
cognitive, behavioural and physical defects. FASD look “different” and often have underdeveloped
brains than normal children.
10. Finish the Statement: “At birth the brain is __% of _____ _____, and at _ _____ the weight is _____, and at
_ ____ it is ___% of _____ _____.”
a. At birth the brain is 25% of adult weight and at 6 months the weight is 50% and at 5 years it is 90%
of adult size.
11. What causes the change in brain size?
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Document Summary
Critical period is at the age of 5: stability versus change behaviour of cognition increases over time, continuous versus stage changes transition from infancy to adulthood. Discontinuous leap: what are the two research designs, cross-sectional different age groups compared at one time. Disadvantages cohort effects, historical differences: longitudinal design sample participants over time. Example; dutch famine (low food counts): teratogens substances or factors that cause birth defects. Example; cocaine, alcohol, tobacco, too much aspirin: diseases sexually transmitted or others that can be passed to children lead to developmental problems. How does this affect development: fetal alcohol may lead to fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (fasd) which lead to mild to severe cognitive, behavioural and physical defects. Fasd look different and often have underdeveloped brains than normal children: finish the statement: at birth the brain is __% of _____ _____, and at _ _____ the weight is _____, and at.
