SOC100 Study Guide - Fall 2018, Comprehensive Midterm Notes - Sociology, Karl Marx, Émile Durkheim
12 Oct 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
SOC100
MIDTERM EXAM
STUDY GUIDE
Fall 2018
SOCIOLOGY 100
INTRODUCTORY SOCIOLOGY
Sept. 7 - Lecture 1 !
*Recent branch of knowledge !
*1789 French Revolution
*Birth of sociology = Industrial Revolution !
*Huge families because we needed people to work !
*Man power !
*Never enough to eat !
*Merchants !
*Karl Marx: Founding father of sociology !
*Peasants are free !
*Don’t have instruments of promotion !
*free of tools !
*Sell labour because free to do so and nothing else to sell !
*Urbanization !
*Capitalism !
*Rural area to city !
*Very few cities before !
*The world was a rural society !
*WIth the industrial revolution rural to urban settings !
*Technology started to develop !
*Mass production started !
*Mass consumption started !
*Migration !
*Specialization of labour
*Until the industrial revolution we did not have specialization of labour !
*Someone in charge of making coffee someone in charge of driving someone in charge of
teaching etc !
*Labour is getting increasingly specialized !
*Many courses and degrees to choose from !
*The high number of disciplines reflects the specialization of labour in society !
*The people who founded Sociology!
*Founding fathers of sociology; Karl Marx, Emile Durkheim, Max Weber !
*Each one of them have a specific perspective !
French Revolution !
*Something else: Idea that we are all equal at the eyes of the law !
*We are all free!
*These values came from the french revolution !
*It was a novelty !
*People were not equal before by birth !
*Europe: had 3 social classes: 1. Clergy (members of the church), 2. Royalty (SOmetimes
overlapped with clergy), 3. Commoners (largest majority) !
*Social rights weren’t given by law but by birth !
*if nobility then no taxes!
*Only commoners had to pay taxes!
*Hunting was crucial at that time: Major source of food!
*Commoners were not allowed to hunt!
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
*Only the people in teh tiger classes were allowed to hunt !
*The notion of freedom did not exist almost 200 years ago !
*No notion of citizenship !
*Notion came with the french revolution !
*Revolution of values !
Origins slide 4: !
-Lies at intersection!
-Technology, specialized labour, urbanization, migrants, factories new laws new values: Social
forces !
-Intellectual forces: Devating, challenging each other, Opinions, arguments !
-At that time Europe was booming with debate as well!
-Wage labour didnt exist before !
-Cities only had merchants and were a eye small population !
-Technology: Makes life easier !
-Technology also intensifies labour: Allows to multitask !
-BUt attention span decreases too !
Intellectual Forces!
-Debating part!
-The main ideas of debate at that time was ideas that came from enlightenment !
-Enlightenment was an entire movement !
-Enlightement and the reaction to enlightenment !
-We didn’t to have the notion of individuality before the 18th century !
Kant!
-Being ignorant or enlightened is our responsibility !
-Power to choose (Which was a novelty at that time)!
Kant’s messages were major at that time !
1. Agency: You have the power, act on it, use it !
2. Skill: Till enlightenment we thought knowledge was given by birth by God. Enlightement
crushed tat notion. Knowledge is not about God, it is a skill that you can or not develop.
Whether you develop it or not is up to you. !
Jean:!
-Inside the enlightenment movement there are famous authors. !
-Rousseau: Inequality became very visible!
-Peasants leaving the farm and coming to the city !
-You can see the contrast !
-It was the formation of cities that allowed to se the contrast between the rich and the poor !
-Before, people were segregated. The rich and the poor didn’t mix !
-Through urbanization they started to mix!
-People like Rousseau started to understand the reason behind inequality!
Descartes (Renaissance) : For me to be a person I need to think !
-Saying something similar as Kant ?!
-Shakespeare: Need to see people as individuals to ask a question like that !
-Kant read Descartes and Shakespeare !
-He had those authors in mind when writing that book !
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
* huge families because we needed people to work. * sell labour because free to do so and nothing else to sell. * with the industrial revolution rural to urban settings. * until the industrial revolution we did not have specialization of labour. * someone in charge of making co ee someone in charge of driving someone in charge of teaching etc. * many courses and degrees to choose from. * the high number of disciplines re ects the specialization of labour in society. * founding fathers of sociology; karl marx, emile durkheim, max weber. * each one of them have a speci c perspective. * something else: idea that we are all equal at the eyes of the law. * these values came from the french revolution. * people were not equal before by birth. * social rights weren"t given by law but by birth. * hunting was crucial at that time: major source of food.
