KNES 237 Study Guide - Midterm Guide: Glycemic Load, Unsaturated Fat, Gestational Diabetes

• School: University of Calgary
• Department: Kinesiology
• Course: KNES 237
• Professor: Teja Klanic

Document Summary

Lecture 8 chapter 12: useful facts about sugars, starches, and fibres. Carbs as major source of energy, but not most dense energy nutrient. Simple carbs: monosaccharides (glucose, fructose, galactose), disaccharides (sucrose, maltose, lactose). Complex carbs: oligosaccharides (3-10), polysaccharides (10s-1000s; glycogen, starch, cellulose). Glycosidic bonds (glycogen/starch; digestible) vs. -glycosidic bonds (cellulose; non-digestible) Starch digestion: amylases in mouth to hydrolyze amylase deactivated in stomach pancreatic amylase in si. Fiber digestion: mechanically ripped in mouth nothing in stomach and si bacteria in colon (gut), source of energy (calories) Sugar: 4 problems (teeth, empty calories, mixed with fats, poor diet quality). 3 alcohol sugars (xylitol, mannitol, sorbitol) w/ 3 features (in candies/gums/other, poor absorption and diarrhea, used to make other tastes). Artificial sweeteners: cyclamate (first, banned in 60s, back in canada), aspartame (peptide, heated, phenylalanine, 40 mg/kg, 4 kcal, 200-300x), sucralose (cid:894)(cid:1010)(cid:1004)(cid:1004)(cid:454), (cid:272)hlo(cid:396)i(cid:374)ated, (cid:862) ple(cid:374)da(cid:863)(cid:895), acesulfame k (combined), saccharin (cid:894)a(cid:272)(cid:272)ide(cid:374)t, (cid:1007)(cid:1004)(cid:1004)(cid:454), (cid:271)ladde(cid:396) (cid:272)a(cid:374)(cid:272)e(cid:396), (cid:862)he(cid:396)(cid:373)esetas(cid:863)(cid:895)