BIOL 1090 Study Guide - Comprehensive Final Guide: Deoxyribonucleoside, Fragile X Syndrome, Amine

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1 Dec 2016

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Macromolecules are molecules containing a large number of atoms such as protein, nucleic acid or synthetic polymer. Nucleotides are composed of 3 generic things a a phosphate group, ve carbon structures, clclic nitrogen containing a compound called a base. In dna the sugar is 2-deoxyribose in rna the sugar is ribose. Four different bases are found in dna = adenine, guanine, thymine and cytosine. Rna also has four different bases= adenine guanine cytosine and uracil. Adenine and guanine are double ringed bases (purines) Thymine, cytosine and uracil are all single ringed bases called pyrimidines. Purine and pyrimidine nucleotides in polynucleotides are connected by phosphodiester bonds. Dna is double stranded and two of the strands are anti parallel. (exist as a double helix) One full rotation (360) = ~ 10 base pairs = 3. 4 nm (1nm=0. 001 ) Double helix structures is when two polynucleotide chains are coiled about one another in a spiral.

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QUESTION 1. Compared to eukaryotic genomes, only prokaryotic genomes:

A. contain DNA organized by histones.

B. contain usually one, circular chromosome.

C. contain plasmid DNA.

D. have chromosomes contained in a nucleus.

QUESTION 2. Azathioprine is a drug that may be prescribed to transplant recipients to reduce the chance of tissue rejection reactions. In its active state, it acts as a purine analogue, inhibiting DNA biosynthesis. This means that 6-mercaptopurine will be inserted in place of a purine containing nucleotides during DNA replication. Given this drug's mode of action, you would expect it to be incorporated into DNA in place of:

A. nucleotides containing guanine or cytosine.

B. nucleotides containing adenine or thymine.

C nucleotides containing adenine or guanine.

D. nucleotides containing guanine nucleotide or uracil.

QUESTION 3. RNA is distinguished from DNA because only RNA:

A. typically exists as a single-stranded molecule.

B. has a 3' to 5' directionality.

C. is composed of nucleotides that contain the sugar deoxyribose.

D. is composed of nucleotides that contain the nitrogen bases T, C, G, and A.

QUESTION 4. How are RNA nucleotides different from DNA nucleotides? To be marked correct, you'll need to select all true statements, as there may be more than one correct answer.

A. RNA nucleotides do not contain thymine.

B. RNA nucleotides use the sugar ribose, while DNA nucleotides do not.

C. RNA nucleotides lack phosphate.

D. RNA nucleotides incorporate pyrimidine nitrogen bases, while DNA nucleotides only incorporate purine nitrogen bases.

1. Unlike DNA, RNA contains

deoxyribose

a double strand

phosphates

uracil

Nucleic acid structure

2. In transcription, uracil will bond with:

thymine

cytosine

adenine

guanine

Transcription

3. The first team of scientist to document the structure of DNA was:

Franklin and Wilkins

Watson and Crick

Pauling and Chargoff

None of the above

DNA structure

4. Organelles that synthesize protein are:

lysosomes

ribosomes

endoplasmic reticulum

golgi bodies

5. Most of the time in a cell's life, it's DNA is in the form of:

Chromatin

Chromatids

Replicated chromosomes

Spindle fibers

6. Uracil is a nitrogen base that pairs with adenine. Using this information, one could conclude that uracil is a:

Purine

Pyrimidine

Neither a purine or pyrimidine

Not enough information

7. a nucleotide does not consist of a:

polymerase

5-carbon sugar

phosphate group

nitrogen base

8. The genetic code in DNA of an individual depends on the sequence (order) of:

nucleotides

purines only

phosphates

sugars

9. Before a cell divides, it must duplicate its DNA in a process known as:

translation

transformation

transcription

replication

10. The basic unit (building block) of a protein is a (an):

carbohydrate

amino acid

lipid

hydrogen bond

11. Unlike DNA, RNA contains:

deoxyribose

a double strand

phosphates

uracil

12. The structure of DNA was first documented in:

1945

1953

1956

1962

13. In DNA replication, the new molecules produced are:

of unequal length

both assembled in the same direction

built with purines as the backbone

assembled in opposite directions

DNA replication

14. The "backbone" of DNA is composed of:

ribose and phosphates

deoxyribose and phosphates

ribose and uracil

deoxyribose and thymine

DNA structure

15. RNA differs from DNA in which of the following ways?

RNA is single-stranded

RNA contains ribose

RNA does not contain thymine

All of the above

DNA structure

16. Which of the following is NOT required for the transcription process itself?

RNA polymerase

DNA

uracil-containing nucleotides

ribosomes

skyhamster121

1. A colorblind woman marries a normal man. Which of thefollowing is true of their children?
a. all will be colorblind
b. all daughters will be normal and all sons will be carriers
c. all daughters will be colorblind and all sons will benormal
d. all daughters will be heterozygous and all sons will becolorblind
e. it is impossible to predict with any reasonable degree ofcertainty

2. Cleft chin is an autosomal dominant trait. A man with a cleftchin marries a woman with a round chin. What proportion of theirfemale progeny will show the trait?
a. 0%
b. 25%
c. 50%
d. 75%
e. 100%

3. Which of the following statements is false?
a. individuals with the same phenotype might have differentgenotypes
b. matings between individuals with dominant phenotypes cannotproduce offspring with recessive phenotypes
c. matings between individuals with recessive phenotypes usually donot produce offspring with dominant phenotypes
d. individuals with the same genotype might have differentphenotypes.
e. all the above are correct choices

4. True or False
a. DNA is composed of 4 different types of nucleotides T/F?
b. in the DNA of every species, the amount of adenine presentalways equals the amount of thymine, and the amount of cytosinealways equals the amount of guanine T/F?
c. in a nucleotide, the phosphate group is attached to thenitrogen-containing base, which is attached to the 5 carbon sugarT/F?
d. Watson and Crick built their model of DNA in the early 1950sT/F

5. MATCHING - each choice can be used more than once.
a. ribosomal RNA
b. DNA
c. mRNA
d. tRNA
e. RNA polymerase
-carries the genetic code sequence
-joins up with amino acids
-attaches the specific amino acids
-contains no uracil
-has anticodons
-determines amino acid sequence
-reads the codons
-contains codons
-has 2 polynucleotide chains
-has deoxyribose sugar
-makes RNA molecules in the nucleus

6. The number of base pairs in the human genome is about:
a. 1 million
b. 1 trillion
c. 10 billion
d. 75 billion

7. Pyrimidines are
a. single ringed
b. triple ringed
c. double ringed
d. none of these

8. Adenine is
a. double ringed
b. single ringed
c. a straight up chained carbon compound
d. a phospholipid

9._______ is the enzyme which puts together the correct DNA basesequence
a. DNA polymerase
b. RNA polymerase
c. helicase
d. adenine

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BIOL 1090 Study Guide - Comprehensive Final Guide: Deoxyribonucleoside, Fragile X Syndrome, Amine

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