BOT 2100 Study Guide - Midterm Guide: Flowering Plant, Fruit, Marchantiophyta
Document Summary
Lecture 1 introduction and evolution of plants: distinguish between heterotrophs and autotrophs. Heterotrophs: cells that satisfy energy requirements by consuming organic compounds produced by external sources, dependent on outside source of food for energy (animals, fungi, bacteria) It could increase in size, change shape and engulf extracellular objects by infolding the plasma membrane and form endocytic vesicles. Plant systematics: uses phylogenetic trees and chloroplast gene sequencing, gene duplication and mutation is major factor in plant evolution. All plants have two different multicellular adult forms that alternate in the life cycle- alternation of generations/sporix meiosis. Sporophyte: diploid phase (2n), produces hploid spores by meiosis which undergo mitotic division. Gametophyte: haploid phase (n) produces gametes which fuse to form diploid individuals. Lecture 2 evolution of plants (continued: know the three classes of bryophytes. Liverworts (phyla marchantiophyta), hornworts and mosses (phylum bryophyte: provide examples of how particular mosses are utilized for industrial purposes.
