[FRHD 2270] - Final Exam Guide - Comprehensive Notes for the exam (80 pages long!)

• School: University of Guelph
• Department: Family Relations and Human Development
• Course: FRHD 2270
• Professor: Robyn Pitman

Document Summary

Human body has 46 chromosomes (23 pairs: tiny structures that contain genetic material, each pair can be different called alleles. First 22 pairs called autosomes: same size, 23rd pair determines sex of a child, xx = girl and xy = boy. Genotype: complete set of genes, person"s heredity. Phenotype: genetic instructions with environmental influences, individual"s physical, behavioural and psychological features. Dominant genes: expressed, chemical instructions are followed, can be seen in both homo and heterozygous, *dominant gene does not mean it"s more common. Recessive genes: if paired with a dominant gene, will not be expressed, only expressed when alleles are homozygous. Monozygotic twins (identical twins: single fertilized egg that splits in 2, share 100% of genes. Dizygotic twins (fraternal twins: two separate fertilized eggs by 2 separate sperm, share 50% of genes. Recessive/dominant/or sex chromosome i. e. sickle cell disease, haemophilia. Abnormal number of chromosomes: extra, missing or damaged, more common, i. e. down syndrome, xxx syndrome.