BIOL 273- Midterm Exam Guide - Comprehensive Notes for the exam ( 25 pages long!)

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Unit 1: unpacking key themes of biol 273. Key themes in physiology: biological energy use (not explored in this course, structure/function relationship, communication, homeostasis. Major body cavities: dorsal and ventral are more commonly used, there are changing pressures in the thoracic cavity. Conversion of food into particles that can be transported into the body; elimination of some wastes. Coordination of body function through synthesis and release of regulatory molecules. Coordination of body function through electrical signals and release of regulatory molecules. Exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the internal and external environments. Maintenance of water and solutes in the internal environment; waste removal. Thymus, spleen, lymph nodes defense against foreign invaders. Immune system is not shown in the picture. Made up of many different organs and cell types. In some instances the lumen is an extension of the external environment. The body"s digestive tract is not on the inside, but rather an extension of the body"s external environment.