BIOL 112 Study Guide - Midterm Guide: Extracellular Fluid, Peptide Bond
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BIOL 112 Full Course Notes
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Bilayer formation spontaneous due to hydrophobic effect entropy of water increased (increased freedom to move) Diffusion: (net) molecules move down conc. gradient (random movement, does not stop) G does not tell about rate of rxn. Cell theory: fundamental unit of life, all living organisms made up of cells, all cells come from pre-existing cells. Eukaryotes membrane bound organelles (compartments), nucleus, big size, cytoskeleton. Bacteria lack compartments, dna free floating chromosomes in nucleoid & plasmids, pili, high sa:v. Essential features of life store and transmit dna, membrane separates and controls movement, ability to harness energy to create macromolecules. Uni/multicellular: in multi, cells differentiate to serve specialized functions (express limited sets of genes) Dilution adequate concentration of nutrients (fix: compartmentalization) Diffusion movement of nutrients within a cell (fix: cytoplasmic streaming) Sa:v ratio adequate sa for absorption (fix: folds & projections, microvilli) Growth in bacterial = population growth (binary fission = individual) Lipids special b/c not similar monomer but shared property: all hydrophobic.
