BIOL 112 Study Guide - Quiz Guide: Chemical Polarity, Lone Pair, Covalent Bond
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BIOL 112 Full Course Notes
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There are many types of bonds relevant tobiology, but they fall into two main classes: intramolecular bonds that bind atoms together to form molecules, and intermolecular bonds that result from the attractions between molecules. Generally, intramolecular bonds are much stronger than intermolecular bonds: In covalent bonds, a pair of negatively charged electrons are simultaneously attracted to (and shared between) two positive atomic nuclei. the shared attraction of these bonding pairs of electrons forms the covalent bond. Only valence electrons (those in the outermost shell) are involved in chemical bonding and reactivity. Valence electrons that are not involved in bonding with another atom exist as lone pairs on one of the nuclei. We show the bonding and lone pairs on a lewis structure of a molecule: For most organic molecules, the valence electrons will be shared between atoms such that each atom has a full valence shell.
