[PHAR 430] - Final Exam Guide - Ultimate 31 pages long Study Guide!
Document Summary
Xenobiotic: refers to any foreign compound that enters the body (drugs) Compounds that enter the body rarely leave without some form of modification (drug metabolism, xenobioitic biotransformation, or more generally biotransformation. Active drug into active metabolite with a different pharmacological activity. Add or expose polar functional groups such as; hydroxyl (oh), amine (nh2) or thiol (sh) Attach hydrophilic moieties such as; glucuronic acid or sulfate groups. Can go phase 1, then phase 2 reaction or vice versa or just one or the other. Major sites for drug metabolism: (most to least) Blood with nutrients and xenobiotics delivered into the sinusoids of the hepatic lobules. Each hepatocyte is in intimate contact with blood flowing through sinusoids and hepatic veins, venules and capillaries. Nutrients and xenobiotics may be taken up and processed. Blood leaves liver through the hepatic vein which carries it to the inferior vena cave and to the heart. Metabolites produced are effluxed to the bloodstream or bile canaliculi.
