CHM 1311 Study Guide - Fall 2018, Comprehensive Midterm Notes - Water Potential, Tuber, Transpiration
CHM 1311
MIDTERM EXAM
STUDY GUIDE
Fall 2018
POTATO SOLUTE CONCENTRATION 1
Determining Solute Concentration of a
Potato using Hypertonic, Hypotonic and
Isotonic Sucrose Solutions
Submitted by:
Submitted to:
Dates of investigation:
Due date:
Course: SBI4U
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POTATO SOLUTE CONCENTRATION 2
Abstract:
This investigation was done to determine the solute concentration of a white potato. Six slices of
potato were placed in separate test tubes, each with different solute concentrations. Observations
were made to the masses of each potato slice after 24 hours in order to determine which solution
was hypertonic, hypotonic and isotonic. The solute concentration of the white potato was
determined to be the solute concentration of the solution that was isotonic or the one that had the
least percent change in mass. The concentration of the solutions used were 0 mol.L-1, 0.2 mol.L-1,
0.4 mol.L-1, 0.6 mol.L-1, 0.8 mol.L-1 and 1.0 mol.L-1.
Introduction:
Diffusion is the movement of molecules from a region of higher concentration to a region or
lower concentration, until equilibrium is reached. Osmosis is a special case of diffusion
involving water molecules. Osmosis occurs when water molecules move from areas of high
water concentration to areas of low water concentration, down a concentration gradient, through
a selectively permeable membrane (BBC Bitesize, 2014). The driving force of osmosis is
osmotic pressure which is the tendency of solvent molecules to move in the direction of lower
solvent activity (Chaplin, 2017). An osmotic pressure is a physical quantity dependent only on
the concentration and temperature of the solution and does not determine the rate of passage of
the water (Chaplin, 2017). The goal of osmosis is to reach equilibrium by producing more equal
solute concentrations.
Solute concentration refers to the amount of solutes dissolved in a solution. Solutions are groups
of molecules that are mixed and evenly distributed in a system (Chem4kids, 2017). A solution
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Document Summary
This investigation was done to determine the solute concentration of a white potato. Six slices of potato were placed in separate test tubes, each with different solute concentrations. Observations were made to the masses of each potato slice after 24 hours in order to determine which solution was hypertonic, hypotonic and isotonic. The solute concentration of the white potato was determined to be the solute concentration of the solution that was isotonic or the one that had the least percent change in mass. The concentration of the solutions used were 0 mol. l -1 , 0. 2 mol. l -1 , 0. 4 mol. l -1 , 0. 6 mol. l -1 , 0. 8 mol. l -1 and 1. 0 mol. l -1 . Diffusion is the movement of molecules from a region of higher concentration to a region or lower concentration, until equilibrium is reached. Osmosis is a special case of diffusion involving water molecules.
