HSS 3305 Study Guide - Final Guide: Urinary Retention, Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia, Hydrops Fetalis

• School: University of Ottawa
• Department: Health Sciences
• Course: HSS 3305
• Professor: Benoit Leclerc

Document Summary

Pulmonary emphysema: air spaces distal to terminal bronchioles are enlarged and their walls are destroyed: large, cystic air spaces form throughout the lung (starting from upper lobes and spread to rest of lungs) Symptoms: dyspnea: labored breathing (initially from exertion and later even at rest, cyanosis: blue tinge of the skin excessive amount of reduced hemoglobin in blood, cough + purulent sputum. Diffusion of gas less efficient in cystic spaces: loss of lung elasticity. Lungs no longer recoil normally following inspiration: chronic inflammation of bronchioles + inflammation of mucosa. Narrow bronchioles -> resistance to expiration -> air trapped in lung -> chronically overinflated: unequal air flow to different parts of lung. Decreased efficiency of oxygenation: destruction of alveolar septa also leads to loss of elastic tissue -> expiration becomes active process (takes more o2) Rise of intrapleural pressure -> bronchioles collapse during expiration.