[ANT202H5] - Final Exam Guide - Ultimate 27 pages long Study Guide!

• School: UTM
• Department: Anthropology
• Course: ANT202H5
• Professor: Carolan Wood

Document Summary

When dna is copied, errors can occur. Occur rarely (~1 in every 10m bases) Somatic mutations occur in non-reproductive cells, no passed to offspring. No change in phenotype: non-functioning dna region, no effect on amino acid sequence on protein. Control genes: determining when and where other genes are turned on , mutation can change how organism is built. Hox genes direct building of body units. Inversion: paracentric = does not include centromere, pericentric = includes centromere. Translocation = rearrangement of non-homologous chromosomes: balanced = even exchange of genetic material. Reciprocal exchange of segments between 2 chromosomes that do not belong to same pair. Robertsonion translocation= caused by breaks at/near centromeres of 2 acrocentric (short armed) chromosomes. Transition mutation: c to t or g to a. Ant202 lecture 9: october 4th, 2016: g to c or a to t. = neutral: fate determined by random genetic drift. Most mutations will be lost by chance. Random changes in allele frequency over generations.