HLTB22H3 Study Guide - Final Guide: Salivary Gland, Chyme, Amylase
6 Dec 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
HLTB22 STUDY GUIDE
1
SESSION 11: Nutrition & Health I
• Describe the passage of food through the gastrointestinal tract from the
mouth to the anus.
Organ
Function
Physical or
Chemical?
Teeth
• Cut/tear/chew food into smaller bits
Physical
Tongue
• Move food to teeth to form ball
Physical
Salivary Glands
• Produce saliva
• Contains amylase that begins breakdown of carbs
Chemical
Epiglottis
• Covers trachea when food swallowed so doesn’t enter
lungs
N/A
Esophagus
• Squeezes food toward stomach using muscular
contractions called peristalsis
Physical
Stomach
• Food mixed w/ HCl
• Pepsin released to breakdown proteins
Both
Small Intestine
• Chyme squeezed through SI
• Nutrients absorbed into blood after chemical
breakdown
Physical
Liver
• Produces bile
• Breaks fats into smaller pieces for digestion
Physical
Gall Bladder
• Stores & releases bile into SI
N/A
Pancreas
• Produces bicarbonate ions to neutralize chyme
(contains HCl)
• Produces enzymes including amylase, protease, lipase
& releases them into SI
Chemical
Large Intestine
• Chyme mixed w/ bacteria
• Undergoes fermentation
• Bacteria produces vitamins absorbed in blood
• Water & salts absorbed in blood
Both
HLTB22 STUDY GUIDE
2
Appendix
• Contains lymphoid tissues
• May play role in immune system
N/A
Rectum
• Collects & contains feces until body ready for
elimination
• Some water absorbed in blood
• Bacterial fermentation continues
Both
Anus
• Has sphincter to hold feces until relaxes & ready for
elimination
N/A
• What is the function of each organ & accessory organ of the digestive
system? Describe specialized structural features.
o Salivary glands
o Pancreas
o Liver
o Gallbladder
• Compare neural & hormonal control of digestion with examples.
o Neural: processes that are quick controlled by nervous system
▪ Salivation controlled by nervous system
▪ Food spends little time in mouth so neural control works best
because faster
▪ Release of gastric juice by stomach controlled by nervous
system (stimulus = chewing food) & by hormone gastrin
(stimulus = distention of stomach)
o Hormonal: slower
Document Summary
Session 11: nutrition & health i: describe the passage of food through the gastrointestinal tract from the mouth to the anus. Tongue: cut/tear/chew food into smaller bits, move food to teeth to form ball. Salivary glands: produce saliva, contains amylase that begins breakdown of carbs. Epiglottis: covers trachea when food swallowed so doesn"t enter. Esophagus: squeezes food toward stomach using muscular. Stomach: food mixed w/ hcl, pepsin released to breakdown proteins. Small intestine: chyme squeezed through si, nutrients absorbed into blood after chemical breakdown. Liver: produces bile, breaks fats into smaller pieces for digestion. Gall bladder: stores & releases bile into si. Pancreas: produces bicarbonate ions to neutralize chyme. Chemical (contains hcl: produces enzymes including amylase, protease, lipase. Large intestine: chyme mixed w/ bacteria, undergoes fermentation, bacteria produces vitamins absorbed in blood, water & salts absorbed in blood. Appendix: contains lymphoid tissues, may play role in immune system. Rectum: collects & contains feces until body ready for.
