MGEC58H3 Study Guide - Final Guide: Utility, Income Splitting

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greygoat862

13 Dec 2018

School

UTSC

Department

Economics for Management Studies

Course

MGEC58H3

Professor

Harry Krashinsky

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Document Summary

Solutions to problem set 6 team production. 1(a) to show the difference between the utility maximizing choice of effort and the socially efficient choice of effort, we need to consider how we can maximize two different equations. worker. Without loss of generality, we"ll consider worker #1, who has the following utility function: First, let"s consider the utility-maximizing choice of effort for an individual. To determine the utility-maximizing level of effort for worker #1, we can partially differentiate the above equation with respect to e1: Therefore, the utility-maximizing level of effort for worker #1 (and all other workers) is. In this case, note the total team output: And note how each worker fares in terms of income and utility: On the other hand, to determine the socially-efficient level of effort, we consider the sum of all 10 workers" utilities: At this point, we recognize that the sum of all workers" income is equal to total output created by all workers mathematically:

Related Questions

Consider an economy where two goods, x and y can be produced usingmachines, k, or workers, l. There are a total of 100 workers and120 machines in the economy (L Â¯ = 100, K Â¯ = 120). Good x can beproduced by using both 2 workers and 1 machine (lx = 2, kx = 1).Good y can be produced by using both 1 worker and 4 machines (lx =1, kx = 4).

The resource costraints for this economy are thus:
lxx+lyy = L Â¯ ? 2x+y=100
kxx+kyy = K Â¯ ? x+4y=120

Question:

Suppose that we wanted to have equal production of both goods. Findthe quantities of good x and y produced and the total number ofmachines and workers used. Are all of the resources used?

orangehound825

PLEASE ANSWER ALL PARTS OF ALL QUESTIONS THOUROUGHLY (WILL GIVE GOOD RATING-THANKS)

A. Consider an entrepreneur who has decided to follow through on a business venture. He has quit his job where he was employed as a Medical Assistant earning $2,500 a month, and has decided to run this new business venture alone as the sole proprietor. He approaches a bank with his business idea and obtains a loan for the startup and purchases the equipment and machinery that he would need for the business including the purchase of a web address and design for his business, he also takes out a 2 year lease on a building and adjoining property, with paid utilities at an excellent location and contracts with suppliers to provide him with raw materials on a six month basis at discounted bulk purchase rates. His total fixed costs on a monthly basis for this venture, which includes his forgone earnings from his previous job, are $7,500.

He now needs to hire workers to operate the machines, handle orders etc. and he needs at least 5 workers to begin production. Having taking ECON 2020 while in college, he computes the total product function for his business, on a monthly basis, given the quantity of other resources he has, in the short run as follows:

Quantity of Labor (Number of workers)	Total Product (Output)
5	200
10	450
15	800
20	1100
25	1300
30	1400

1. First, assume no other information on the profitability of this venture, what is the implied 'profit' expected by the entrepreneur each month? Explain

2. Obtain the marginal physical product of this business, graph the function and provide an intuitive explanation for the shape of the function.

3. Now suppose each worker hired is paid $10/hr in wages and works 150 hours each month. Obtain the monthly total variable, total fixed and total cost functions for this business if it produces at the various output levels in the table above (i.e. fill out the table below, and show all necessary work below)

Output (Q)	Total Fixed Cost	Total Variable Cost	Total Cost
200
450
800
1100
1300
1400

4. The entrepreneur knows that his business is producing in an environment of perfect competition and as a result the market determined price after his entry into the business is $37.50 for each unit of the product that he sells. Determine the firm's monthly profit maximizing (or loss minimizing) output level , using the profit maximizing rule

5. From (4), is this firm making any excess (economic) profits in the short run? Explain. Compute the firm's monthly profits (or losses) at the profit maximizing output level

6. What should we expect to happen in the long run in this industry as a result of the correct answers given in part (5)? Explain.

blushcamel945

MULTIPLE CHOICE.

1) Which of the following is true of the typical relationship between marginal product (MP) and average product (AP)?

A) The AP curve intersects the MP curve at minimum MP.

B) If MP is less than AP, then AP is increasing.

C) If MP is greater than AP, then AP is falling.

D) The MP curve intersects the AP curve at maximum AP.

TRUE/FALSE. Write 'T' if the statement is true and 'F' if the statement is false.

2) If, for a particular short-run production, we observe that marginal product is decreasing we can conclude that average product is decreasing as well.

MULTIPLE CHOICE.

3) An implicit cost is defined as:

A) the amount by which the money spent on an input to production exceeds its opportunity cost.

B) the difference between an input's explicit cost and its actual cost.

C) the opportunity cost of using a resource that is not explicitly paid out by the firm.

D) the amount by which economic profit exceeds accounting profit.

MULTIPLE CHOICE.

4) The amount of output a firm can produce with a given quantity of fixed and variable inputs is called:

A) total fixed product.

B) average variable product.

C) marginal product.

D) total product.

5) Which of the following statements is true of the relationship among the average cost functions?

A) AFC = ATC + AVC

B) ATC = AFC - AVC
C) AVC = AFC + ATC

D) AFC = ATC - AVC

TRUE/FALSE. Write 'T' if the statement is true and 'F' if the statement is false.

6) A firm's production function is the relationship between the factors of production and the resulting outputs of the production process.

MULTIPLE CHOICE.

Scenario 2:
Output (Q): 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Total Cost (TC): $24 $33 $41 $48 $54 $61 $69

7) Refer to Scenario 2. Diminishing marginal returns starts to occur between units:

A) 2 and 3.

B) 3 and 4.

C) 4 and 5.

D) 5 and 6.

8) Which of the following would be classified as a short-run decision?

A) trucking firm's decision to move to a smaller facility.

B) A firm's decision to decrease the amount of electricity used in day-to-day operations by encouraging employees to adopt conservation strategies, e.g., shut off lights when leaving a room.

C) A university's decision to add a new residence hall.

D) A restaurant's decision to increase the number of patrons it can accommodate by adding on a new dining room.

9) Economic profit is equal to the difference between: 9)

TRUE/FALSE. Write 'T' if the statement is true and 'F' if the statement is false.

10) At the point where a firm incurs diminishing marginal returns, total product will begin to decline.

MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.

11) In the context of a production function, the remote order takers in the fast food industry would be classified as:

A) a fixed input.

B) a marginal input.

C) an inframarginal input.

D) a variable input.

Scenario 3:
Total Product (Q): 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Total Cost (TC): $50 $80 $105 $125 $155 $195 $250

12.

13.

increase; lower

decrease; lower

increase; higher

decrease; higher

TRUE/FALSE. Write 'T' if the statement is true and 'F' if the statement is false.

14.

15.

MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.

16) A labor-intensive method of production is one that:
A) combines a small but sophisticated labor force with a large amount of capital.

B) requires employees to work harder than they would in other occupations.
C) relies on large quantities of labor and smaller quantities of capital equipment. D) relies exclusively on labor.

MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.

17) Assume a firm produces 500 units of a good by using two inputs, capital and labor, whose per unit prices are $10 and $4. Assume also that the marginal physical product of the last unit of capital is 30 and the marginal physical product of the last unit of labor is 10. To minimize costs this firm should employ:

A) more labor and less capital. B) more capital and less labor.
C) the existing combination of resources. D) both more labor and more capital.

TRUE/FALSE. Write 'T' if the statement is true and 'F' if the statement is false.

18) All else constant, a decrease in the per unit price of labor would create an incentive for a firm manager to substitute labor for capital in the firm's production process.

MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.

19) All else constant, as the price of petroleum increases relative to the prices of other inputs to the production process, in their effort to minimize their total costs of production, we can expect to see firms employ:

A) the same amount of petroleum since there are no substitutes for petroleum. B) less petroleum and more of the other inputs to production.
C) less of each of the inputs of production.

D) more petroleum and less of the other inputs to production.

coffeewoodchuck827

MGEC58H3 Study Guide - Final Guide: Utility, Income Splitting

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