POLB91H3 Study Guide - Midterm Guide: Collective Behavior, Soil Moisture And Ocean Salinity, Social Movement
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POLB91 Midterm Review:
Criteria for 10/10 in each essay:
Answers all parts of the question accurately and logically, demonstrates knowledge of the
materials in lectures beyond the specific exam question.
Identifies and defines key words discussed lectures.
Gives ample examples to support argument.
Grammar/Spelling/Punctuation is flawless.
Lecture questions:
Lecture 2: Social Movements
• Define social movement: Is it simply angry mobs?
• Means of organising social change
• First sign of this was when Charles Tilly said women threw rocks at tax collectors
• A form of contentious politics
• Can be large/small, formal/informal, involve politics and organisations
• Collective making of claims that if realized, would conflict with someone
else’s interests EX: marches, boycotts, group petitions, organized sabotage of
state property.
• Have to have a goal and asking for something
• Not about individual acts of resistance bc bedrock of social movement studies is
collective claims
• Political: gov is a key and needs to be political. Gov needs to be involved in some
way or form
• Sustained multiple campaigns or at least multiple episodes of collective action
within a single campaign
• Explain the 3 key concepts in social movement theory
• Political opp
• Mobilising structures
• Frames
Political opp
· Features of political environment which influences movement emergence
· 4 types of political opportunities
o extent of openness in the polity
§ if u have openness for social movement. Ex. Canada = allows. North korea
= doesn’t. utsc = liberal uni which allows social movement (ex. Free
Palestine)
o shifts in political alignment/divisions among elites
§ federal/provincial gov
§ ex. whichever one. For or against environmental protection
§ gaps in the gov can be exploited and be used
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2
o availability of influential allies
§ domestic or international allies
§ if ur movement has support from a very powerful and influential ally, it helps
and offers protections
o repression or facilitation by the state
§ decline of repression = less likely for protest
mobilising structures
· ties that connect individuals to groups that organise action
o professional SMOS (Greenpeace, planned parenthood)
o grassroots NGOs
o church/religious organisation
o informal groups (ex. Choir/reading groups)
o informal networks (kinship, neighbours, friendship)
• They are important bc they bring people together and can collectively create change with
the same interest
frames
· collective understanding of a prob and a possible solution
o diagnostic → identity nature of prob (what is the prob? How is it defined?)
o prognostic → what needs to be done (how do we solve the prob?)
o motivational → explain why action needs to be taken (how do we argue for our
definitions and solutions?)
• Analyze ongoing social movements using theoretical lens
• Collective behaviour
• Resource mobilisation and political process
• New social movement
Collective behaviour
• Social psychology of protest
• Emergent organisation and norms
• Protest outside institutional structures
• For
• Social distributions, strains, grievances
• Comes from
• New meanings and forms of organisation
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3
Resource mobilisation and political process
• Connections b/w social movements and political process
• Mobilising structures
• Framing strategies
• Institutional and non institutional forms of action
• For
• New resources/organisations/frames
• Cultural change
• Political change
• Comes from
• Pre-existing organisation resources
• Political opps and threats
• Master frames
New social movement
• Collective identity
• Submerged networks
• New types of structures and ideologies
• For
• New types of values/organisations/identities
• Cultural innovations
• Comes from
• Large scale changes
• Everyday networks
• Organisational structures
• New types of grievances
Lecture 3: Social Non-Movements
• Understand what a social non-movement (quiet encroachment) is and give examples
Social non-movement
· Brazil example. Big events for brazil they try to clear these favela’s (ugly poor ppl places. Temp
homes in camp)
· Form of self help
· This is social non-movement bc of the aggregation of this
· Significant and political problem on ur hands (bare 11.4 mill ppl in them)
· Cumulative effect and aggregation of individual actors is political
· The collective actions of non-collective actors: shared practices of large #s of ordinary ppl
o Ex. Cumulative of self-dwelling
o Ppl all doing these individual acts constitutes a political action
· Fragmented but similar activities trigger much social change, even without recognisable
leadership or an organizational basis
· Passive networks
o Ppl recognise shared identity and goals by virtue by being in the same space
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Answers all parts of the question accurately and logically, demonstrates knowledge of the materials in lectures beyond the specific exam question. Features of political environment which influences movement emergence. 4 types of political opportunities: extent of openness in the polity. If u have openness for social movement. = doesn"t. utsc = liberal uni which allows social movement (ex. Palestine: shifts in political alignment/divisions among elites. Gaps in the gov can be exploited and be used. If ur movement has support from a very powerful and influential ally, it helps and offers protections: repression or facilitation by the state. Decline of repression = less likely for protest mobilising structures. Ties that connect individuals to groups that organise action: professional smos (greenpeace, planned parenthood, grassroots ngos, church/religious organisation, informal groups (ex. Choir/reading groups: informal networks (kinship, neighbours, friendship, they are important bc they bring people together and can collectively create change with the same interest frames.
