PSYC62H3 Study Guide - Final Guide: Benzodiazepine Withdrawal Syndrome, Tardive Dyskinesia, Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome
Document Summary
Morphine is the golden standard for pain relief. Opioids: psychoactive substances that elicit pharmacological effects by acting on opioid receptors in the cns and other parts of the body. Two main types of opioid compounds: natural opioids. Naturally occurring opioids: opioids found in opium, including morphine and codeine. Semisynthetic opioids are synthesized from morphine and codeine. Percoset: a combination of oxycodone and acetaminophen (tylenol). Vicoden: a combination of hydrocodone and acetaminophen. Fully synthetic opioids: opioids not derived from morphine, codeine, or any other naturally occurring opioid. Intravenous injection or inhalation is typically preferred (recreational): opioids permeate the blood brain barrier. Heroin permeates the bbb more than morphine: opioids are primarily metabolized in the liver. Opioid drug interactions with the endogenous opioid system. Endogenous opioids bind to three types of opioid receptors: Most of the pharmacological effects associated with opioids are derived through activating and receptors. Kappa receptors elicit hallucinogenic effects: nociceptin: produced from prepronociceptin.
