BIO130H1 Study Guide - Final Guide: Paramecium, Spindle Apparatus, Micrometer

• School: UTSG
• Department: Biology
• Course: BIO130H1
• Professor: Melody Neumann

Document Summary

1. 3 characteristics that distinguish prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Intracytoplasmic communication less important, movement of materials by diffusion. 600mya, simpler organisms present 1 billion years earlier. Division of nucleus and cytoplasm, separated by nuclear envelope with pore structures. Membranes divide cytoplasm into compartments where specialized activities occur. Membranous organelles (er: manufacture proteins and lipids; golgi: materials sorted, modified, transported; simple membrane-bound vesicles: lysosomes, endosomes, peroxisomes, glyoxisomes) Specialized organelles for aerobic respiration (mitochondria: chemical energy to fuel activity), photosynthesis (chloroplasts: site of photosynthesis) Some ribosomes attached to er, some floating loose in cytoplasm. Membranes form system of interconnecting channels and vesicles, transport substances between cell parts, between inside of cell and environment. Cytoskeletal system (actin filaments, intermediate filaments, microtubules), motor proteins. Genetic info encoded in dna with same code. Nuclear region housing genetic material surrounded by cytoplasm. Pm: selective filter between inside and outside cell. Different dimensions (prokaryotic smaller), assemble proteins by similar mechanism.