EEB321H1 Study Guide - Final Guide: Insular Biogeography, Species Richness, Metacommunity
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In what way did Harlanâs theory give rise to Diamondâs theory?
It recognized agriculture might have developed by different mechanisms in different parts of the world. |
Both make the assumption that hunter-gatherers were (and still are) superior to agriculturists. |
It recognized the reason agriculture did not develop in certain parts of the world was because people lacked the intelligence or skill. |
It is a basic case of scientific plagiarism - Diamonds theory is identical to Harlans theory. |
It recognized that agricultural societies were healthier and better fed than hunter-gatherer societies. What is the difference between classically bred varieties and landraces?
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Choose the single best answer
The inability of plants to move makes it difficult for them to:
Disperse seeds, defend themselves, and create oxygen. |
Disperse seeds. |
Disperse seeds and defend themselves. |
Create oxygen. |
Defend themselves. |
Vavilov hypothesized that in a crop plant's area of origin we should expect:
Greater diversity for trans-domesticated species, but lower diversity for species domesticated in their area of origin. |
Greater genetic diversity than in areas outside of the plant's area of origin. |
Lower genetic diversity than in areas outside of the plant's area of origin. |
Lower diversity for trans-domesticated species, but greater diversity for species domesticated in their area of origin. |
Greater herbivore damage because of increased genetic diversity. |
What is one type of information that can be gathered by archeologists who are studying dental caries (cavities) of ancient populations?
How many children the person had |
The time of year the person died |
How many conflicts they have been part of |
The types of tools used for planting/harvesting grains |
The type of plants they may have been consuming |
Brussel sprouts, cabbage, broccoli and cauliflower are all different varieties of the same species, Brassica oleracea. This group of plants demonstrates that crop breeding can lead to:
Low within variety and high between variety diversity |
High within variety and low between variety diversity |
Low within variety diversity |
High within variety and high between variety diversity |
High between variety diversity |
The repeated domestication of grasses (i.e., cereals) and legumes across the globe is likely because:
Early technologies allowed early agriculturalists the ability to communicate with each other over long distances to discuss what plants were best for domestication. |
Both already possessed all of the traits needed for domestication |
Both contain almost all of the amino acids our bodies need to build proteins. |
Human populations were often starving, and needed an additional food source |
Only grasses, not legumes, were repeatedly domesticated |
Norman Borlaug won the 1970 Nobel Peace Prize for:
Producing the first transgenic plant. |
His discovery that plant secondary metabolites play a role in defending plants from insects and diseases. |
Creating the FlavrSavr tomato. |
His work to create improved, high yield crop varieties that helped to prevent starvation. |
His discovery of the area of origin for maize. |
______________________ compounds are produced by plants, but are not necessary for the plant's immediate survival. However, they often help protect plants from being eaten.
Which of the following best demonstrates evolution?
A houseplant is moved to a sunnier location and it starts to grow more vigorously. |
Your pet walks to the door when it hears your car in the driveway. |
Over time, a gene for disease resistance becomes more frequent in a population of plants. |
A crop has a higher yield after fertilizer is added. |
A giraffe with a longer neck survives a drought year, while one with a shorter neck does not. |
In discussing the origin of agriculture, the term demographic stress refers to:
Lower productivity of un-cultivated plants due to late-Pleistocene cooling. |
A higher incidence of religious practice in societies following the transition from hunting and gathering to agriculture. |
The situation where human populations are greater than the carrying capacity of the environment. |
Hobbes's assertion that hunter-gatherer groups did not posses the knowledge or skills to develop agriculture. |
That the stresses on pre-domesticated plant species led to the development of traits that result in the "domestication syndromeâ |
What is the difference between genetically-modified and transgenic crops?
Genetically-modified crops are produced using modern techniques, while transgenic crops are produced through classical breeding. |
Transgenic crops are a type of genetically-modified crops, in which scientists have inserted genes from another species. |
Transgenic crops are illegal, while genetically-modified crops are not. |
They are the same. |
Genetically-modified crops are a type of transgenic crop specifically bred for high yield. |
mutations symbioses random distributions |
plants and animals sedimentary rock andfossil fuels atmosphere |
holds that something isright when it produces the greatest benefit for the greatest numberof people is not an ethicalstandard cannot be used toestimate the value of natural resources |
mutation and habitatselection mutation and globalclimate change extinction andspeciation |
be prudent and efficientin the use of natural resources consider the environmentthe ultimate servant of mankind maintain the environmentin a pristine, unaltered state |
protect areas againstdevelopment while allowing public access harvest naturalresources maintain the naturalenvironment in a pristine, unaltered state |
energy flow in anecosystem population density natural resourcefluctuations |
an educated guess thatexplains a phenomenon or answers a question an instrument that isused to examine environmental conditions the design of anexperiment that can be used for the process of science |
the importance ofconsidering environmental impacts on all living things the importance ofeconomics in environmental decisions the dual-natured view ofhumans and animals as environmental controls |
the idea that theincrease in human population would lead to famine and war the concept that humanpopulation growth would lead to greater industry and prosperitythrough education instituting fertilizeruse for agriculture |
the study of organismsand their interactions with each other and the environment a subfield ofenvironmentalism the study of the E. colifamily of bacteria |
testing hypotheses builton observation, and revising them based on results intuitive understandingof natural laws and processes the ancient writings ofHeraclitus |
Wood Mammals Water |
average number of viableoffspring produced within a population potential number ofspecies in a given area limitation on the numberof species in an ecosystem |
the drinking water inelementary schools near the river became contaminated the river caught onfire the river stoppedsupporting any plant or animal life |
nitrogen fixation ionic conversation bacterial ionization |
one-third 10% 3% |
a dominant view inscience the same as ahypothesis synonymous with thescientific method |
entropy energy electricity |
a group of similarspecies that inhabit various ecosystems a group of individuals ofa single species inhabiting a particular area (crude birth rate +immigration rate) - (crude death rate - emigration rate) |