JGI216H1 Final: JGI FINAL EXAM NOTES
11 May 2018
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JGI216 LECTURE 6
MULTICULTURALISM (PT.1) PARIS
KEY THEMES:
1. Multiculturalism
2. The Banlieues
3. The urban periphery, alterity, deviance and disadvantage
4. The Indigenes de la republic
THE MULTICULTURAL CITY
• Descriptive
• Normative provides something for urban life, that cities that don’t possess multiculturalism have (of,
relating to, or prescribing a norm or standard)
• In Canada, we have Official multiculturalism have (of, relating to, prescribing a norm or standard)
UNEVEN MULTICULTURALISM
• World population of 6.1 billion (2000), 160 M or 2.6% lived outside their country of birth or citizenship
• Geography of migration is uneven
• 1/3 of total immigrants globally settle in the USA, Canada, Germany, France, Italy, Japan, UK
MULTICULTURAL PARIS
• By law, French census does not ask questions regarding ethnicity or religion
• The migration of colonized Arab-Berbers from Algeria to mainland France was the earliest and the most
extensive of all colonial migrations to Western Europe before the 1960s
• Prior to Algerian independence from France in 1962, Algerian migrants were not leaving one country to
enter another, since they were French nationals
• However, Algerians were French subjects but not French citizens… Algeria constituted a colonial
territory fully integrated into the Republic… Indeed, Algerian migrants arriving in Marseilles had
simply left behind one colonial society to enter another, that of metropolitan France, although for many
migrants there were significant social, cultural and linguistic differences to negotiate
NORTH AFRICAN MIGRATION IN FRANCE
• North African Migration to Paris- connected to France's colonial project of South Africa
• Allowed for colonial citizens in South Africa, that allowed for migration back into France; allowed to
move to France, but under the condition that they would have different rights
THE BANLIEUES
• A basic translation of Banlieues refer to the suburbs of the major cities
• They are often administratively outside of the city in which they surround
• Since the 1970's the phrase “The Banlieues” has taken on a different meaning- one mostly attached to
low income housing
THE BANLIEUES AS A JOURNALIST CATEGORY
• News stories tend to have a narrow focus and often repeat similar storylines about a given area or type
of area. Hargreaves explains how media coverage of the Banlieues in France “disseminated and
reinforced stereotypical ideas of people of immigrant origin as fundamentally menacing to the
established order”
• In this way both a group of people (immigrants) and a location (the Banlieues) became synonymous
with dangerous difference
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
EPIDEMIOLOGICAL FACT VS. CULTURAL NARRATIVE
• Epidemiology is the science that studies the patterns, causes, and effects of health and disease conditions
in defined populations
KEY TENETS OF POST - COLONIAL STUDIES
• An understanding of colonialism and its successor projects has to
- Involve a close and critical read of colonial discourse
- Grasp the complicated and fractured histories through which colonialism passes from the past into
the present
- Map the ways in which metropolitan and colonial societies are drawn together in webs of affinity
and dependence
- Be a history of the present that is sensitive to the political implications of its constructions
DESCRIPTION IN LIEU OF EXPLANATION
• “people of immigrant origin live in run-down, dangerous areas because they are poor; because they are
poor, they commit crimes; because people of immigrant origin commit crimes, normal, law-abiding
citizens do not want to live near them; because of this the Banlieues are ethnically alien which are
fundamentally menacing to the established social order, etc.”
IDEOLOGICAL CONSTRUCTION VS. ACTUAL LOCATION
• The "Banlieues" signifies first and foremost a concentration of urban problems rather than a
peripherically located urban space
• The use of the term in the media does not specifically signify actual suburbs – but rather places that the
media has chosen to characterize as deviant from general French society (no matter if they fit within the
formal definition of Banlieue or not)
ONLY THE NEGATIVE MASKS THE NEWS
• Usually only gets press coverage, when there are bad things that happen
• Many journalists are trying to change the narrative that good things also happen in the Banlieues
MOVEMENT DES INDIGENOUS DE LA REPUBLIC
• Movement des Indigenes de la Republique “formed in early 2005 in a conjuncture of sharpening
political conflict, after the headscarf panic and before the uprising in late 2005…
• The goal was to contribute to ‘the emergence of a political and organized expression of the rage of
immigrant populations’
• To invert the dominant ways of denigrating non-European youth as ‘scum’ (racaille), MIR wanted to
‘invent a politics of the racaille’”
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
JGI216 LECTURE 7
MULTICULTURALISM (PT. 2) TORONTO
FIVE LENSES: the five lenses we are learning about in this class are for narrowing our analysis and
understanding some specifics about globalization’s impact on urban change
- As wools, they are not objective facts or fixed categories
- They are most useful in focusing on an argument
- Each has limitations
KEY THEMES:
1. Multiculturalism in Toronto:
- Policy history
- Aspirational idea
2. Neoliberalism
- What is neoliberalism?
- How does it interact with multiculturalism and immigration?
- SARS
MULTUCULTURALISM, IMMIGRATION, AND SARS (questions to think about)
- What are the historical roots of Canadian multiculturalism?
- What distinguishes Canadian multicultural policy from multiculturalism as an aspirational idea?
- What did the case of SARS expose about the relationship between multiculturalism, race, and Toronto
as a global city?
THE MULTICULTURAL CITY
• In general, multiculturalism relates to communities or cities that contain multiculturalism relates to
communities or cities that contain multiple cultures
• The term can be understood as
1) Descriptive
2) Narrative of, relating to, or prescribing a norm or standard
• In Canada, we have Official multiculturalism, which falls into the Narrative category
• Narrative multiculturalism is often contrasted with assimilationism
JULY 1975: CAPTAIN CANUCK IS BORN (a cartoon series that takes place in Canada)
• In the original series, the first Captain Canuck patrols Canada in the futuristic world of 1993, where
Canada “had become the most powerful country in the world”
• According to the early story line, Captain Canuck worked as a super agent for the Canadian
International Security Organization (CISO), both alone and with his sidekicks Redcoat and Kebec
• Premise while on a camping trip with some boy scouts, Tom Evans, the first Captain Canuck, was
bathed in alien rays while trying to protect the scouts from the aliens. The next day, everything seemed
fine, other than the fact that his strength and speed had increased significantly. Tom, a former member
of the RCMP and the Canadian International Security Organization, was accustomed to the battle of
good against evil. Now, with his newfound abilities, he would become a more effective agent for truth
and justice.
• The Geopolitical Positioning of Canada
3) The creation of Captain Canuck in 1975 by Canadian Richard Comely and his business
partner Ron Leishman was an intentionally placed political act intended to contribute to the
form and intensity of Canadian nationalism
4) Issues such as multiculturalism and bilingualism are used to contrast Captain Canuck and
Canada from Captain America and the USA
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Key themes: multiculturalism, the banlieues, the urban periphery, alterity, deviance and disadvantage, the indigenes de la republic. The multicultural city: descriptive, normative provides something for urban life, that cities that don"t possess multiculturalism have (of, relating to, or prescribing a norm or standard) In canada, we have official multiculturalism have (of, relating to, prescribing a norm or standard) The banlieues as a journalist category: news stories tend to have a narrow focus and often repeat similar storylines about a given area or type of area. Hargreaves explains how media coverage of the banlieues in france disseminated and reinforced stereotypical ideas of people of immigrant origin as fundamentally menacing to the established order . In this way both a group of people (immigrants) and a location (the banlieues) became synonymous with dangerous difference. Cultural narrative: epidemiology is the science that studies the patterns, causes, and effects of health and disease conditions in defined populations.
