HMB200H1 Study Guide - Quiz Guide: Trigeminal Neuralgia, Cranial Nerves, Tetraplegia
Cranial nerves are part of the somatic nervous system
12 Cranial nerves in total
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Mostly attached to sensory and motor function within the face (except
Vagus Nerve, CN10/CNX)
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If CN are injured, we get striking deficits in behaviour.
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Laterality of Cranial Nerves
Most CNs don't cross over, switch sides or decussate (except CN2, 4,
7 ,12)
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Most CNs are linked to function on the same (ipsilateral) side of the
body
Damage to the most CNs lead to impairment on the same side of
the body
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Nerve pathologies
Trigeminal Neuralgia (Trigeminal Nerve, CN5)
Involved in facial sensation
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When function of the nerve is inhibited (demyelination of the
nerve etc), we get sensory abnormalities- intense pain.
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Recurrent episodes of facial pain
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Treatment: Anti-convulsant medications (stop neurons from
firing) or surgery
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Bell's Palsy (Facial nerve, CN7)
Facial nerve (VII) is responsible for motor function within the
face
The nerve has a few sensory functions (mediating
sensation of taste)
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Malfunction in this nerve cause motor impairment
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The facial nerve travels thru a "tight tunnel" (bone)
Inflammation of the nerve -> nerve compressed against
the surface -> impairment in motor function in the face
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Many cases Bell's Palsy improve on their own. But sometimes
additional intervention may be required (anti-inflammatory drug
and anti-viral drug or surgery)
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Spinal Nerves are part of the peripheral nervous system. (the actual spinal cord is
CNS)
Sensory info is afferent (incoming) to the brain, motor info is
efferent(outgoing) from the brain.
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Most fibers systems running thru the spinal cord cross over or decussate
(switch sides) at some point
Damage to one side of the brain typically impairs function in the
opposite side of the periphery (contralateral)
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Brain: motor commands / spinal cord: motor pathways / spinal nerves:
motor info
Injury to any part of the NS, motor function might be impaired.
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Motor impairment with SC injury
Cervical
C4 injury (tetraplegia) -> neck under paralyze
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C6 injury (tetraplegia) -> shoulder under
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Thoracic
T6 injury (paraplegia) -> breast under
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Lumbar
L1 injury (paraplegia) -> hips under
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Motor impairment with stroke (brain)
CNS injury: prevent new neurons regeneration
If no neuroplasticity whatsoever, any functions attribute
to neurons that die during injury would be gone forever
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Train the brain -> constraint-induced motor therapy
(CIMT)
Loss of sensory function (afferent input to the spinal
cord/brain) doesn't always result in complete loss of
motor function (efferent)
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Individuals who regain motor function, there is increased
gray matter -> because more connections are reorganized
(neuroplasticity)
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If we aren’t using a particular function, we may lose
representation of the function (neuroplasticity)
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Shaping- the reinforcement of successive approx. of the
movement (CIMT involves shaping)
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Use of CIMT
Stroke, traumatic brain injury (TBI), cerebral palsy
(CP), multiple sclerosis (MS)
The structure of CIMT (emphasis on plasticity)
can also be adapted to treat aphasia.
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Tutorial 1
Sunday, 28 January 2018
5:54 PM
